dyncall: doc/manual/callconvs/callconv

annotate doc/manual/callconvs/callconv_x86.tex @ 499:fc614cb865c6

- doc and disasexample additions specific to non-trivial C++ aggregates as return values (incl. fixes to doc and additional LSB specific PPC32 section)

author	Tassilo Philipp
date	Mon, 04 Apr 2022 15:50:52 +0200
parents	17287342e273
children	585dcb68f55d

rev	line source
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	1 %//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	2 %
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	3 % Copyright (c) 2007-2019 Daniel Adler <dadler@uni-goettingen.de>,
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	4 % Tassilo Philipp <tphilipp@potion-studios.com>
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	5 %
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	6 % Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	7 % purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	8 % copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	9 %
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	10 % THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	11 % WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	12 % MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	13 % ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	14 % WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	15 % ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	16 % OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	17 %
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	18 %//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	19
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	20 % ==================================================
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	21 % x86
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	22 % ==================================================
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	23 \subsection{x86 Calling Conventions}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	24
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	25
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	26 \paragraph{Overview}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	27
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	28 On this processor, a word is defined to be 16 bits in size, a dword 32 bits
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	29 and a qword 64 bits.\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	30
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	31 There are numerous different calling conventions on the x86 processor
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	32 architecture, like cdecl \cite{x86cdecl}, MS fastcall \cite{x86Winfastcall}, GNU
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	33 fastcall \cite{x86GNUfastcall}, Borland fastcall \cite{x86Borlandfastcall}, Watcom
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	34 fastcall \cite{x86Watcomfastcall}, Win32 stdcall \cite{x86Winstdcall}, MS thiscall
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	35 \cite{x86Winthiscall}, GNU thiscall \cite{x86GNUthiscall}, the pascal calling
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	36 convention \cite{x86Pascal} and a cdecl-like version for Plan9 \cite{x86Plan9}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	37 (dubbed plan9call by us), etc.\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	38
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	39 \begin{table}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	40 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{rccccc}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	41 & \# of regs & \# regs to & & cleanup & 64bit args \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	42 Name & for params & \# preserve & push order & by & via regs? \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	43 \hline
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	44 cdecl & 0 & 4 & $\leftarrow$ & caller & - \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	45 MS fastcall & 2 & 4 & $\leftarrow$ & callee & Y \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	46 GNU fastcall & 2 & 4 & $\leftarrow$ & callee & N \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	47 Borland fastcall & 3 & 4 & $\rightarrow$ & callee & N \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	48 Watcom fastcall & 4 & 2-6 & $\leftarrow$ & callee & N \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	49 win32 stdcall & 0 & 4 & $\leftarrow$ & callee & - \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	50 MS thiscall & 1 & 4 & $\leftarrow$ & callee & N \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	51 GNU thiscall & 0 & 4 & $\leftarrow$ & caller & - \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	52 pascal & 0 & 4 & $\rightarrow$ & callee & - \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	53 plan9call & 0 & 0 & $\leftarrow$ & caller & - \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	54 \end{tabular*}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	55 \caption{short x86 calling convention comparison}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	56 \end{table}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	57
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	58
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	59 \paragraph{\product{dyncall} support}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	60
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	61 Currently cdecl, stdcall, fastcall (MS and GNU), thiscall (MS and GNU) and
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	62 plan9call are supported.\\
340 6e33db95e724 - syscall infos in doc Tassilo Philipp parents: 328 diff changeset	63 \product{Dyncall} can also be used to issue syscalls on Linux and *BSD by using
6e33db95e724 - syscall infos in doc Tassilo Philipp parents: 328 diff changeset	64 the syscall number as target parameter and selecting the correct mode.
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	65
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	66
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	67
490 17287342e273 manual: Tassilo Philipp parents: 472 diff changeset	68 \pagebreak
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	69
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	70 \subsubsection{cdecl}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	71
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	72 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	73
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	74 \begin{table}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	75 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	76 Name & Brief description\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	77 \hline
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	78 {\bf eax} & scratch, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	79 {\bf ebx} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	80 {\bf ecx} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	81 {\bf edx} & scratch, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	82 {\bf esi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	83 {\bf edi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	84 {\bf ebp} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	85 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	86 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	87 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	88 \end{tabular*}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	89 \caption{Register usage on x86 cdecl calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	90 \end{table}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	91
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	92
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	93 \paragraph{Parameter passing}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	94
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	95 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	96 \item stack parameter order: right-to-left
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	97 \item caller cleans up the stack
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	98 \item all arguments are pushed onto the stack (as dwords)
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	99 \item arguments \textgreater\ 64 bits are pushed as a sequence of dwords
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	100 \item aggregates (structs, unions) are pushed as a sequence of dwords
499 fc614cb865c6 - doc and disasexample additions specific to non-trivial C++ aggregates as return values (incl. fixes to doc and additional LSB specific PPC32 section) Tassilo Philipp parents: 490 diff changeset	101 \item {\it non-trivial} C++ aggregates (as defined by the language) of any size, are passed indirectly via a pointer to a copy of the aggregate
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	102 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	103
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	104 \paragraph{Return values}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	105
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	106 \begin{itemize}
499 fc614cb865c6 - doc and disasexample additions specific to non-trivial C++ aggregates as return values (incl. fixes to doc and additional LSB specific PPC32 section) Tassilo Philipp parents: 490 diff changeset	107 \item for {\it non-trivial} C++ aggregates, the caller allocates space, passes pointer to it to the callee as a hidden first param
fc614cb865c6 - doc and disasexample additions specific to non-trivial C++ aggregates as return values (incl. fixes to doc and additional LSB specific PPC32 section) Tassilo Philipp parents: 490 diff changeset	108 (meaning via the stack), and callee writes return value to this space; the ptr to the aggregate is returned in eax
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	109 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	110 \item integers and aggregates (structs, unions) \textgreater\ 32 and \textless=\ 64 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	111 \item return values \textgreater\ 64 bits (e.g. aggregates) are returned by the caller allocating the space and
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	112 passing a pointer to the callee as a new, implicit first parameter (this means, on the stack)
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	113 \item floating point types are returned via the st0 register (except on Minix, where they are returned as integers are)
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	114 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	115
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	116
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	117 \paragraph{Stack layout}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	118
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	119 % verified/amended: TP nov 2019 (see also doc/disas_examples/x86.cdecl.disas)
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	120 Stack directly after function prolog:\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	121
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	122 \begin{figure}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	123 \begin{tabular}{5\|3\|1 1}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	124 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	125 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	126 register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	127 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	128 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	129 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	130 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & arg n-1 & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	131 & \ldots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	132 & arg 0 & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	133 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	134 & return address & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	135 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	136 register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	137 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	138 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	139 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	140 parameter area & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	141 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	142 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	143 \end{tabular}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	144 \caption{Stack layout on x86 cdecl calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	145 \end{figure}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	146
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	147
490 17287342e273 manual: Tassilo Philipp parents: 472 diff changeset	148 \pagebreak
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	149
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	150 \subsubsection{MS fastcall}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	151
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	152 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	153
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	154 \begin{table}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	155 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	156 Name & Brief description\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	157 \hline
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	158 {\bf eax} & scratch, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	159 {\bf ebx} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	160 {\bf ecx} & scratch, parameter 0\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	161 {\bf edx} & scratch, parameter 1, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	162 {\bf esi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	163 {\bf edi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	164 {\bf ebp} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	165 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	166 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	167 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	168 \end{tabular*}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	169 \caption{Register usage on x86 fastcall (MS) calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	170 \end{table}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	171
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	172 \paragraph{Parameter passing}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	173
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	174 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	175 \item stack parameter order: right-to-left
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	176 \item called function cleans up the stack
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	177 \item first two integers/pointers (\textless=\ 32bit) are passed via ecx and edx (even if preceded by other arguments)
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	178 \item if first argument is a 64 bit integer, it is passed via ecx and edx
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	179 \item all other parameters are pushed onto the stack (as dwords)
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	180 \item arguments \textgreater\ 64 bits are pushed as a sequence of dwords
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	181 \item aggregates (structs, unions) are pushed as a sequence of dwords, but are never split between registers and stack (if registers are still available and
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	182 aggregate doesn't fit entirely into ecx and edx, it is passed via the stack and remaining registers are free for subsequent arguments)
499 fc614cb865c6 - doc and disasexample additions specific to non-trivial C++ aggregates as return values (incl. fixes to doc and additional LSB specific PPC32 section) Tassilo Philipp parents: 490 diff changeset	183 \item {\it non-trivial} C++ aggregates (as defined by the language) of any size, are passed indirectly via a pointer to a copy of the aggregate
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	184 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	185
490 17287342e273 manual: Tassilo Philipp parents: 472 diff changeset	186 \clearpage
17287342e273 manual: Tassilo Philipp parents: 472 diff changeset	187
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	188 \paragraph{Return values}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	189
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	190 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	191 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register
499 fc614cb865c6 - doc and disasexample additions specific to non-trivial C++ aggregates as return values (incl. fixes to doc and additional LSB specific PPC32 section) Tassilo Philipp parents: 490 diff changeset	192 \item for {\it non-trivial} C++ aggregates, the caller allocates space, passes pointer to it to the callee as a hidden first param
fc614cb865c6 - doc and disasexample additions specific to non-trivial C++ aggregates as return values (incl. fixes to doc and additional LSB specific PPC32 section) Tassilo Philipp parents: 490 diff changeset	193 (meaning via ecx), and callee writes return value to this space; the ptr to the aggregate is returned in eax
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	194 \item integers and aggregates (structs, unions) \textgreater\ 32 and \textless=\ 64 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	195 \item return values \textgreater\ 64 bits (e.g. aggregates) are returned by the caller allocating the space and
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	196 passing a pointer to the callee as a new, implicit first parameter (always via the stack, never via a register)
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	197 \item floating point types are returned via the st0 register
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	198 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	199
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	200
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	201 \paragraph{Stack layout}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	202
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	203 Stack directly after function prolog:\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	204
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	205 \begin{figure}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	206 \begin{tabular}{5\|3\|1 1}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	207 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	208 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	209 register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	210 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	211 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	212 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	213 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & last arg & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	214 & \ldots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	215 & first arg passed via stack & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	216 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	217 & return address & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	218 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	219 register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	220 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	221 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	222 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	223 parameter area & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	224 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	225 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	226 \end{tabular}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	227 \caption{Stack layout on x86 fastcall (MS) calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	228 \end{figure}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	229
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	230
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	231 \pagebreak
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	232
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	233 \subsubsection{GNU fastcall}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	234
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	235 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	236
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	237 \begin{table}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	238 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	239 Name & Brief description\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	240 \hline
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	241 {\bf eax} & scratch, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	242 {\bf ebx} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	243 {\bf ecx} & scratch, parameter 0\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	244 {\bf edx} & scratch, parameter 1, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	245 {\bf esi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	246 {\bf edi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	247 {\bf ebp} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	248 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	249 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	250 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	251 \end{tabular*}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	252 \caption{Register usage on x86 fastcall (GNU) calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	253 \end{table}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	254
490 17287342e273 manual: Tassilo Philipp parents: 472 diff changeset	255
17287342e273 manual: Tassilo Philipp parents: 472 diff changeset	256 \clearpage
17287342e273 manual: Tassilo Philipp parents: 472 diff changeset	257
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	258 \paragraph{Parameter passing}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	259
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	260 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	261 \item stack parameter order: right-to-left
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	262 \item called function cleans up the stack
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	263 \item first two integers/pointers (\textless=\ 32bit) are passed via ecx and edx (even if preceded by other arguments)
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	264 \item arguments \textgreater\ 32 bits are pushed onto the stack as a sequence of dwords (never passed via registers, any respective register is skipped and not used for subsequent args)
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	265 \item all other parameters are pushed onto the stack (as dwords)
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	266 \item aggregates (structs, unions) are pushed as a sequence of dwords, and never passed via registers (no matter their size, any respective register is skipped and not used for subsequent args)
499 fc614cb865c6 - doc and disasexample additions specific to non-trivial C++ aggregates as return values (incl. fixes to doc and additional LSB specific PPC32 section) Tassilo Philipp parents: 490 diff changeset	267 \item {\it non-trivial} C++ aggregates (as defined by the language) of any size, are passed indirectly via a pointer to a copy of the aggregate
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	268 \item varargs are always passed via the stack
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	269 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	270
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	271
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	272 \paragraph{Return values}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	273
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	274 \begin{itemize}
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	275 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	276 \item integers \textgreater\ 32 and \textless=\ 64 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	277 \item aggregates (structs, unions) of any size are returned by the caller allocating the space and
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	278 passing a pointer to the callee as a new, implicit first parameter (always via ecx), that same pointer is returned in eax
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	279 \item floating point types are returned via the st0
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	280 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	281
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	282
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	283 \paragraph{Stack layout}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	284
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	285 Stack directly after function prolog:\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	286
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	287 \begin{figure}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	288 \begin{tabular}{5\|3\|1 1}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	289 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	290 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	291 register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	292 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	293 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	294 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	295 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & last arg & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	296 & \ldots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	297 & first arg passed via stack & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	298 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	299 & return address & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	300 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	301 register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	302 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	303 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	304 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	305 parameter area & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	306 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	307 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	308 \end{tabular}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	309 \caption{Stack layout on x86 fastcall (GNU) calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	310 \end{figure}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	311
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	312
490 17287342e273 manual: Tassilo Philipp parents: 472 diff changeset	313 \pagebreak
17287342e273 manual: Tassilo Philipp parents: 472 diff changeset	314
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	315 \subsubsection{Borland fastcall}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	316
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	317 Also called {\bf register convention} by Borland.
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	318
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	319
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	320 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	321
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	322 \begin{table}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	323 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	324 Name & Brief description\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	325 \hline
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	326 {\bf eax} & scratch, parameter 0, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	327 {\bf ebx} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	328 {\bf ecx} & scratch, parameter 2\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	329 {\bf edx} & scratch, parameter 1, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	330 {\bf esi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	331 {\bf edi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	332 {\bf ebp} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	333 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	334 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	335 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	336 \end{tabular*}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	337 \caption{Register usage on x86 fastcall (Borland) calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	338 \end{table}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	339
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	340 \paragraph{Parameter passing}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	341
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	342 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	343 \item stack parameter order: left-to-right
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	344 \item called function cleans up the stack
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	345 \item first three integers/pointers (with exception of method pointers) (\textless=\ 32bit) are passed via eax, ecx and edx (preceding or interleaved arguments that are not passed via registers are pushed onto the stack)
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	346 \item arguments \textgreater\ 32 bits are passed as a pointer to the value
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	347 \item aggregates (structs, unions) are pushed as a sequence of dwords, and never passed via registers (no matter their size)
499 fc614cb865c6 - doc and disasexample additions specific to non-trivial C++ aggregates as return values (incl. fixes to doc and additional LSB specific PPC32 section) Tassilo Philipp parents: 490 diff changeset	348 \item {\it non-trivial} C++ aggregates (as defined by the language) of any size, are passed indirectly via a pointer to a copy of the aggregate
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	349 \item varargs are always passed via the stack
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	350 \item all other parameters are pushed onto the stack
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	351 \item the direction flag is clear on entry and must be returned clear % mention it first, above @@@
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	352 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	353
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	354
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	355 \paragraph{Return values}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	356
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	357 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	358 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register
499 fc614cb865c6 - doc and disasexample additions specific to non-trivial C++ aggregates as return values (incl. fixes to doc and additional LSB specific PPC32 section) Tassilo Philipp parents: 490 diff changeset	359 \item for {\it non-trivial} C++ aggregates, the caller allocates space, passes pointer to it to the callee as a hidden first param
fc614cb865c6 - doc and disasexample additions specific to non-trivial C++ aggregates as return values (incl. fixes to doc and additional LSB specific PPC32 section) Tassilo Philipp parents: 490 diff changeset	360 (meaning via ecx), and callee writes return value to this space; the ptr to the aggregate is returned in eax
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	361 \item integers and aggregates (structs, unions) \textgreater\ 32 and \textless=\ 64 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	362 \item floating point types are returned via the st0 register
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	363 \item return values \textgreater\ 32 bits (e.g. aggregates, long long, ...) are returned by the caller allocating the space and
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	364 passing a pointer to the callee as a new, implicit {\bf last} parameter
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	365 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	366
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	367
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	368
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	369 \paragraph{Stack layout}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	370
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	371 Stack directly after function prolog:\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	372
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	373 \begin{figure}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	374 \begin{tabular}{5\|3\|1 1}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	375 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	376 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	377 register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	378 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	379 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	380 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	381 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & first arg passed via stack & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	382 & \ldots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	383 & last arg & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	384 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	385 & return address & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	386 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	387 register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	388 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	389 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	390 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	391 parameter area & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	392 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	393 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	394 \end{tabular}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	395 \caption{Stack layout on x86 fastcall (Borland) calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	396 \end{figure}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	397
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	398
490 17287342e273 manual: Tassilo Philipp parents: 472 diff changeset	399 \pagebreak
17287342e273 manual: Tassilo Philipp parents: 472 diff changeset	400
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	401 \subsubsection{Watcom fastcall}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	402
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	403
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	404 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	405
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	406 \begin{table}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	407 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	408 Name & Brief description\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	409 \hline
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	410 {\bf eax} & scratch, parameter 0, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	411 {\bf ebx} & scratch when used for parameter, otherwise preserve, parameter 2\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	412 {\bf ecx} & scratch when used for parameter, otherwise preserve, parameter 3\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	413 {\bf edx} & scratch when used for parameter, otherwise preserve, parameter 1, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	414 {\bf esi} & scratch when used for return pointer, otherwise preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	415 {\bf edi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	416 {\bf ebp} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	417 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	418 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	419 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	420 \end{tabular*}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	421 \caption{Register usage on x86 fastcall (Watcom) calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	422 \end{table}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	423
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	424 \paragraph{Parameter passing}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	425
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	426 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	427 \item stack parameter order: right-to-left
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	428 \item called function cleans up the stack
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	429 \item first four integers/pointers (\textless=\ 32bit) are passed via eax, edx, ebx and ecx (even if preceded by other arguments)
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	430 \item arguments \textgreater\ 32 bits, as well as all subsequent arguments, are passed via the stack
499 fc614cb865c6 - doc and disasexample additions specific to non-trivial C++ aggregates as return values (incl. fixes to doc and additional LSB specific PPC32 section) Tassilo Philipp parents: 490 diff changeset	431 \item aggregates (structs, unions) are passed as a pointer to the aggregate (a copy, if needed, to guarantee by-value semantics)
fc614cb865c6 - doc and disasexample additions specific to non-trivial C++ aggregates as return values (incl. fixes to doc and additional LSB specific PPC32 section) Tassilo Philipp parents: 490 diff changeset	432 \item {\it non-trivial} C++ aggregates (as defined by the language) of any size, are passed indirectly via a pointer to a copy of the aggregate
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	433 \item all other parameters are pushed onto the stack
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	434 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	435
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	436
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	437 \paragraph{Return values}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	438
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	439 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	440 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	441 \item integers \textgreater\ 32 bits and \textless=\ 64 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers
499 fc614cb865c6 - doc and disasexample additions specific to non-trivial C++ aggregates as return values (incl. fixes to doc and additional LSB specific PPC32 section) Tassilo Philipp parents: 490 diff changeset	442 \item for {\it non-trivial} C++ aggregates, the caller allocates space, passes pointer to it to the callee via esi, and callee writes return value to
fc614cb865c6 - doc and disasexample additions specific to non-trivial C++ aggregates as return values (incl. fixes to doc and additional LSB specific PPC32 section) Tassilo Philipp parents: 490 diff changeset	443 this space; the ptr to the aggregate is returned in eax
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	444 \item aggregates (structs, unions) \textless=\ 32 bits are returned in eax
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	445 \item aggregates (structs, unions) \textgreater\ 32 bits are returned by the caller allocating the space and
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	446 passing a pointer to the callee via esi, that same pointer is returned in eax
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	447 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	448
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	449
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	450 \paragraph{Stack layout}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	451
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	452 Stack directly after function prolog:\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	453
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	454 \begin{figure}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	455 \begin{tabular}{5\|3\|1 1}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	456 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	457 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	458 register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	459 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	460 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	461 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	462 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & last arg & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	463 & \ldots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	464 & first arg passed via stack & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	465 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	466 & return address & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	467 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	468 register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	469 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	470 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	471 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	472 parameter area & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	473 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	474 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	475 \end{tabular}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	476 \caption{Stack layout on x86 fastcall (Watcom) calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	477 \end{figure}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	478
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	479
490 17287342e273 manual: Tassilo Philipp parents: 472 diff changeset	480 \pagebreak
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	481
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	482 \subsubsection{win32 stdcall}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	483
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	484 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	485
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	486 \begin{table}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	487 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	488 Name & Brief description\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	489 \hline
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	490 {\bf eax} & scratch, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	491 {\bf ebx} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	492 {\bf ecx} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	493 {\bf edx} & scratch, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	494 {\bf esi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	495 {\bf edi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	496 {\bf ebp} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	497 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	498 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	499 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	500 \end{tabular*}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	501 \caption{Register usage on x86 stdcall calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	502 \end{table}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	503
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	504 \paragraph{Parameter passing}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	505
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	506 \begin{itemize}
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	507 \item stack parameter order: right-to-left
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	508 \item called function cleans up the stack
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	509 \item all parameters are pushed onto the stack (as dwords)
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	510 \item arguments \textgreater\ 64 bits are pushed as a sequence of dwords
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	511 \item aggregates (structs, unions) are pushed as a sequence of dwords
499 fc614cb865c6 - doc and disasexample additions specific to non-trivial C++ aggregates as return values (incl. fixes to doc and additional LSB specific PPC32 section) Tassilo Philipp parents: 490 diff changeset	512 \item {\it non-trivial} C++ aggregates (as defined by the language) of any size, are passed indirectly via a pointer to a copy of the aggregate
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	513 \item stack is usually 4 byte aligned (GCC \textgreater=\ 3.x seems to use a 16byte alignement)
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	514 \item the direction flag is clear on entry and must be returned clear % mention it first, above @@@
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	515 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	516
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	517 % introduce mangling section? \item Function name is decorated by prepending an underscore character and appending a '@' character and the number of bytes of stack space required
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	518
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	519 \paragraph{Return values}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	520
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	521 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	522 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register
499 fc614cb865c6 - doc and disasexample additions specific to non-trivial C++ aggregates as return values (incl. fixes to doc and additional LSB specific PPC32 section) Tassilo Philipp parents: 490 diff changeset	523 \item integers \textgreater\ 32 and \textless=\ 64 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers
fc614cb865c6 - doc and disasexample additions specific to non-trivial C++ aggregates as return values (incl. fixes to doc and additional LSB specific PPC32 section) Tassilo Philipp parents: 490 diff changeset	524 \item for aggregates and integer return values \textgreater\ 64 bits, the caller allocates space, passes pointer to it to the callee as a hidden first param
fc614cb865c6 - doc and disasexample additions specific to non-trivial C++ aggregates as return values (incl. fixes to doc and additional LSB specific PPC32 section) Tassilo Philipp parents: 490 diff changeset	525 (meaning via stack), and callee writes return value to this space; the ptr to the aggregate is returned in eax
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	526 \item floating point types are returned via the st0 register
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	527 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	528
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	529
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	530 \paragraph{Stack layout}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	531
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	532 Stack directly after function prolog:\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	533
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	534 \begin{figure}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	535 \begin{tabular}{5\|3\|1 1}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	536 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	537 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	538 register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	539 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	540 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	541 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	542 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & arg n-1 & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	543 & \ldots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	544 & arg 0 & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	545 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	546 & return address & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	547 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	548 register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	549 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	550 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	551 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	552 parameter area & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	553 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	554 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	555 \end{tabular}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	556 \caption{Stack layout on x86 stdcall calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	557 \end{figure}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	558
490 17287342e273 manual: Tassilo Philipp parents: 472 diff changeset	559
17287342e273 manual: Tassilo Philipp parents: 472 diff changeset	560 \pagebreak
17287342e273 manual: Tassilo Philipp parents: 472 diff changeset	561
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	562 \subsubsection{MS thiscall}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	563
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	564 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	565
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	566 \begin{table}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	567 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	568 Name & Brief description\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	569 \hline
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	570 {\bf eax} & scratch, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	571 {\bf ebx} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	572 {\bf ecx} & scratch, parameter 0\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	573 {\bf edx} & scratch, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	574 {\bf esi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	575 {\bf edi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	576 {\bf ebp} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	577 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	578 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	579 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	580 \end{tabular*}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	581 \caption{Register usage on x86 thiscall (MS) calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	582 \end{table}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	583
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	584
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	585 \paragraph{Parameter passing}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	586
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	587 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	588 \item stack parameter order: right-to-left
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	589 \item called function cleans up the stack (except for variadic functions where the caller cleans up)
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	590 \item first parameter (this pointer) is passed via ecx
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	591 \item all other parameters are pushed onto the stack
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	592 \item arguments \textgreater\ 64 bits are pushed as a sequence of dwords
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	593 \item aggregates (structs, unions) are pushed as a sequence of dwords
499 fc614cb865c6 - doc and disasexample additions specific to non-trivial C++ aggregates as return values (incl. fixes to doc and additional LSB specific PPC32 section) Tassilo Philipp parents: 490 diff changeset	594 \item {\it non-trivial} C++ aggregates (as defined by the language) of any size, are passed indirectly via a pointer to a copy of the aggregate
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	595 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	596
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	597 % introduce mangling section? \item Function name is decorated by prepending a '@' character and appending a '@' character and the number of bytes (decimal) of stack space required
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	598
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	599 \paragraph{Return values}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	600
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	601 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	602 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	603 \item integers \textgreater\ 32 bits and \textless=\ 64 bits are returned via the eax and edx
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	604 \item aggregates (structs, unions) of any size are returned by the caller allocating the space and passing
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	605 a pointer to the callee as a new, implicit first parameter, that same pointer is returned in eax
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	606 \item floating point types are returned via the st0 register
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	607 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	608
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	609
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	610 \paragraph{Stack layout}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	611
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	612 Stack directly after function prolog:\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	613
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	614 \begin{figure}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	615 \begin{tabular}{5\|3\|1 1}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	616 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	617 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	618 register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	619 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	620 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	621 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	622 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & arg n-1 & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	623 & \ldots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	624 & arg 1 & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	625 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	626 & return address & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	627 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	628 register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	629 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	630 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	631 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	632 parameter area & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	633 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	634 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	635 \end{tabular}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	636 \caption{Stack layout on x86 thiscall (MS) calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	637 \end{figure}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	638
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	639
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	640
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	641 \subsubsection{GNU thiscall}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	642
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	643 This is equivalent to the cdecl calling convention, with the first parameter being the this pointer.
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	644
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	645 % \paragraph{Registers and register usage}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	646 %
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	647 % \begin{table}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	648 % \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	649 % Name & Brief description\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	650 % \hline
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	651 % {\bf eax} & scratch, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	652 % {\bf ebx} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	653 % {\bf ecx} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	654 % {\bf edx} & scratch, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	655 % {\bf esi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	656 % {\bf edi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	657 % {\bf ebp} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	658 % {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	659 % {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	660 % {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	661 % \end{tabular*}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	662 % \caption{Register usage on x86 thiscall (GNU) calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	663 % \end{table}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	664 %
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	665 % \paragraph{Parameter passing}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	666 %
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	667 % \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	668 % \item stack parameter order: right-to-left
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	669 % \item caller cleans up the stack
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	670 % \item all parameters are pushed onto the stack
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	671 % \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	672 %
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	673 %
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	674 % \paragraph{Return values}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	675 %
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	676 % \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	677 % \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	678 % \item integers \textgreater\ 32 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	679 % \item floating point types are returned via the st0 register
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	680 % \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	681 %
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	682 %
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	683 % \paragraph{Stack layout}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	684 %
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	685 % Stack directly after function prolog:\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	686 %
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	687 % \begin{figure}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	688 % \begin{tabular}{5\|3\|1 1}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	689 % & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	690 % \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	691 % register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	692 % \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	693 % local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	694 % \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	695 % \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & arg n-1 & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	696 % & \ldots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	697 % & arg 0 & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	698 % \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	699 % & return address & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	700 % \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	701 % register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	702 % \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	703 % local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	704 % \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	705 % parameter area & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	706 % \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	707 % & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	708 % \end{tabular}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	709 % \caption{Stack layout on x86 thiscall (GNU) calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	710 % \end{figure}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	711
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	712
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	713
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	714 \subsubsection{pascal}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	715
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	716 The best known uses of the pascal calling convention are the 16 bit OS/2 APIs, Microsoft Windows 3.x and Borland Delphi 1.x.
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	717 It is a variation of stdcall, however, arguments are passed from left-to-right.
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	718 Since this calling convention is for 16-bit APIs, it is not discussed in
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	719 further detail, here.
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	720
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	721
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	722
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	723 \subsubsection{plan9call}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	724
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	725 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	726
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	727 \begin{table}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	728 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	729 Name & Brief description\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	730 \hline
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	731 {\bf eax} & scratch, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	732 {\bf ebx} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	733 {\bf ecx} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	734 {\bf edx} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	735 {\bf esi} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	736 {\bf edi} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	737 {\bf ebp} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	738 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	739 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	740 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	741 \end{tabular*}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	742 \caption{Register usage on x86 plan9call calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	743 \end{table}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	744
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	745 \paragraph{Parameter passing}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	746
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	747 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	748 \item stack parameter order: right-to-left
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	749 \item caller cleans up the stack
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	750 \item all parameters are pushed onto the stack
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	751 \item all parameters are pushed onto the stack (as dwords)
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	752 \item arguments \textgreater\ 64 bits are pushed as a sequence of dwords
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	753 \item aggregates (structs, unions) are pushed as a sequence of dwords
499 fc614cb865c6 - doc and disasexample additions specific to non-trivial C++ aggregates as return values (incl. fixes to doc and additional LSB specific PPC32 section) Tassilo Philipp parents: 490 diff changeset	754 \item {\it non-trivial} C++ aggregates (as defined by the language) of any size, are passed indirectly via a pointer to a copy of the aggregate
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	755 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	756
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	757
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	758 \paragraph{Return values}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	759
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	760 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	761 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register
472 e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	762 \item integers \textgreater\ 32 bits and aggregates (structs, unions) of any size are returned by the caller allocating
e5820b7a3fbc doc: Tassilo Philipp parents: 467 diff changeset	763 the space and passing a pointer to the callee as a new, implicit first parameter, that same pointer is returned in eax
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	764 \item floating point types are returned via the st0 register (called F0 in plan9 8a's terms)
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	765 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	766
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	767
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	768 \paragraph{Stack layout}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	769
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	770 % verified/amended: TP nov 2019 (see also doc/disas_examples/x86.plan9call.disas)
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	771 Note there is no register save area at all. Stack directly after function prolog:\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	772
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	773 \begin{figure}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	774 \begin{tabular}{5\|3\|1 1}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	775 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	776 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	777 local data & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{5}{caller's frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	778 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	779 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & arg n-1 & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	780 & \ldots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	781 & arg 0 & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	782 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	783 & return address & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	784 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	785 local data & & & \mrrbrace{3}{current frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	786 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	787 parameter area & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	788 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	789 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	790 \end{tabular}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	791 \caption{Stack layout on x86 plan9call calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	792 \end{figure}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	793
340 6e33db95e724 - syscall infos in doc Tassilo Philipp parents: 328 diff changeset	794
345 c607d67cd6b8 - doc: added syscall info to appendix, fixed broken literature link Tassilo Philipp parents: 340 diff changeset	795 \subsubsection{Linux syscalls}
c607d67cd6b8 - doc: added syscall info to appendix, fixed broken literature link Tassilo Philipp parents: 340 diff changeset	796
c607d67cd6b8 - doc: added syscall info to appendix, fixed broken literature link Tassilo Philipp parents: 340 diff changeset	797 \paragraph{Parameter passing}
340 6e33db95e724 - syscall infos in doc Tassilo Philipp parents: 328 diff changeset	798
345 c607d67cd6b8 - doc: added syscall info to appendix, fixed broken literature link Tassilo Philipp parents: 340 diff changeset	799 \begin{itemize}
c607d67cd6b8 - doc: added syscall info to appendix, fixed broken literature link Tassilo Philipp parents: 340 diff changeset	800 \item syscall is issued by triggering {\em interrupt 80h}
c607d67cd6b8 - doc: added syscall info to appendix, fixed broken literature link Tassilo Philipp parents: 340 diff changeset	801 \item syscall number is set in eax
c607d67cd6b8 - doc: added syscall info to appendix, fixed broken literature link Tassilo Philipp parents: 340 diff changeset	802 \item params are passed in the following registers in this order: ebx, ecx, edx, esi, edi, ebp
c607d67cd6b8 - doc: added syscall info to appendix, fixed broken literature link Tassilo Philipp parents: 340 diff changeset	803 \item for more than six arguments, ebx points to the list of further arguments (not used in practice, as Linux syscalls use a maximum of 5 arguments)
c607d67cd6b8 - doc: added syscall info to appendix, fixed broken literature link Tassilo Philipp parents: 340 diff changeset	804 \item register eax holds the return value
c607d67cd6b8 - doc: added syscall info to appendix, fixed broken literature link Tassilo Philipp parents: 340 diff changeset	805 \end{itemize}
c607d67cd6b8 - doc: added syscall info to appendix, fixed broken literature link Tassilo Philipp parents: 340 diff changeset	806
490 17287342e273 manual: Tassilo Philipp parents: 472 diff changeset	807
345 c607d67cd6b8 - doc: added syscall info to appendix, fixed broken literature link Tassilo Philipp parents: 340 diff changeset	808 \subsubsection{*BSD syscalls}
c607d67cd6b8 - doc: added syscall info to appendix, fixed broken literature link Tassilo Philipp parents: 340 diff changeset	809
c607d67cd6b8 - doc: added syscall info to appendix, fixed broken literature link Tassilo Philipp parents: 340 diff changeset	810 \paragraph{Parameter passing}
c607d67cd6b8 - doc: added syscall info to appendix, fixed broken literature link Tassilo Philipp parents: 340 diff changeset	811
c607d67cd6b8 - doc: added syscall info to appendix, fixed broken literature link Tassilo Philipp parents: 340 diff changeset	812 \begin{itemize}
c607d67cd6b8 - doc: added syscall info to appendix, fixed broken literature link Tassilo Philipp parents: 340 diff changeset	813 \item syscall is issued by triggering {\em interrupt 80h}
c607d67cd6b8 - doc: added syscall info to appendix, fixed broken literature link Tassilo Philipp parents: 340 diff changeset	814 \item syscall number is set in eax
c607d67cd6b8 - doc: added syscall info to appendix, fixed broken literature link Tassilo Philipp parents: 340 diff changeset	815 \item params are passed on the stack as with the cdecl calling convention
c607d67cd6b8 - doc: added syscall info to appendix, fixed broken literature link Tassilo Philipp parents: 340 diff changeset	816 \end{itemize}
c607d67cd6b8 - doc: added syscall info to appendix, fixed broken literature link Tassilo Philipp parents: 340 diff changeset	817

Mercurial > pub > dyncall > dyncall

annotate doc/manual/callconvs/callconv_x86.tex @ 499:fc614cb865c6