dyncall: doc/manual/callconvs/callconv

author	Tassilo Philipp
date	Fri, 22 Nov 2019 23:11:56 +0100
parents	63892f03e493
children	6e33db95e724

rev	line source
328 276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	1 %//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	2 %
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	3 % Copyright (c) 2007-2019 Daniel Adler <dadler@uni-goettingen.de>,
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	4 % Tassilo Philipp <tphilipp@potion-studios.com>
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	5 %
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	6 % Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	7 % purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	8 % copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	9 %
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	10 % THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	11 % WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	12 % MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	13 % ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	14 % WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	15 % ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	16 % OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	17 %
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	18 %//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	19
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	20 % ==================================================
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	21 % x86
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	22 % ==================================================
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	23 \subsection{x86 Calling Conventions}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	24
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	25
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	26 \paragraph{Overview}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	27
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	28 On this processor, a word is defined to be 16 bits in size, a dword 32 bits
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	29 and a qword 64 bits.\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	30
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	31 There are numerous different calling conventions on the x86 processor
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	32 architecture, like cdecl \cite{x86cdecl}, MS fastcall \cite{x86Winfastcall}, GNU
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	33 fastcall \cite{x86GNUfastcall}, Borland fastcall \cite{x86Borlandfastcall}, Watcom
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	34 fastcall \cite{x86Watcomfastcall}, Win32 stdcall \cite{x86Winstdcall}, MS thiscall
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	35 \cite{x86Winthiscall}, GNU thiscall \cite{x86GNUthiscall}, the pascal calling
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	36 convention \cite{x86Pascal} and a cdecl-like version for Plan9 \cite{x86Plan9}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	37 (dubbed plan9call by us), etc.\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	38
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	39 \begin{table}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	40 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{rccccc}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	41 & \# of regs & \# regs to & & cleanup & 64bit args \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	42 Name & for params & \# preserve & push order & by & via regs? \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	43 \hline
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	44 cdecl & 0 & 4 & $\leftarrow$ & caller & - \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	45 MS fastcall & 2 & 4 & $\leftarrow$ & callee & Y \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	46 GNU fastcall & 2 & 4 & $\leftarrow$ & callee & N \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	47 Borland fastcall & 3 & 4 & $\rightarrow$ & callee & N \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	48 Watcom fastcall & 4 & 2-6 & $\leftarrow$ & callee & N \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	49 win32 stdcall & 0 & 4 & $\leftarrow$ & callee & - \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	50 MS thiscall & 1 & 4 & $\leftarrow$ & callee & N \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	51 GNU thiscall & 0 & 4 & $\leftarrow$ & caller & - \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	52 pascal & 0 & 4 & $\rightarrow$ & callee & - \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	53 plan9call & 0 & 0 & $\leftarrow$ & caller & - \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	54 \end{tabular*}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	55 \caption{short x86 calling convention comparison}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	56 \end{table}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	57
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	58
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	59 \paragraph{\product{dyncall} support}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	60
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	61 Currently cdecl, stdcall, fastcall (MS and GNU), thiscall (MS and GNU) and
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	62 plan9call are supported.\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	63 \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	64
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	65
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	66 \newpage
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	67
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	68
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	69 \subsubsection{cdecl}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	70
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	71 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	72
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	73 \begin{table}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	74 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	75 Name & Brief description\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	76 \hline
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	77 {\bf eax} & scratch, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	78 {\bf ebx} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	79 {\bf ecx} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	80 {\bf edx} & scratch, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	81 {\bf esi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	82 {\bf edi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	83 {\bf ebp} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	84 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	85 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	86 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	87 \end{tabular*}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	88 \caption{Register usage on x86 cdecl calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	89 \end{table}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	90
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	91
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	92 \paragraph{Parameter passing}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	93
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	94 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	95 \item stack parameter order: right-to-left
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	96 \item caller cleans up the stack
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	97 \item all arguments are pushed onto the stack
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	98 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	99
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	100 \paragraph{Return values}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	101
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	102 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	103 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	104 \item integers \textgreater\ 32 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	105 \item return values \textgreater\ 64 bits (e.g. structures) are returned by the caller allocating the space and
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	106 passing a pointer to the callee as a new, implicit first parameter (this means, on the stack)
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	107 \item floating point types are returned via the st0 register (except on Minix, where they are returned as integers are)
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	108 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	109
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	110
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	111 \paragraph{Stack layout}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	112
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	113 % verified/amended: TP nov 2019 (see also doc/disas_examples/x86.cdecl.disas)
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	114 Stack directly after function prolog:\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	115
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	116 \begin{figure}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	117 \begin{tabular}{5\|3\|1 1}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	118 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	119 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	120 register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	121 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	122 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	123 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	124 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & arg n-1 & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	125 & \ldots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	126 & arg 0 & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	127 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	128 & return address & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	129 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	130 register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	131 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	132 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	133 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	134 parameter area & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	135 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	136 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	137 \end{tabular}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	138 \caption{Stack layout on x86 cdecl calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	139 \end{figure}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	140
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	141
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	142 \newpage
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	143
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	144
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	145 \subsubsection{MS fastcall}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	146
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	147 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	148
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	149 \begin{table}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	150 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	151 Name & Brief description\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	152 \hline
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	153 {\bf eax} & scratch, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	154 {\bf ebx} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	155 {\bf ecx} & scratch, parameter 0\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	156 {\bf edx} & scratch, parameter 1, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	157 {\bf esi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	158 {\bf edi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	159 {\bf ebp} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	160 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	161 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	162 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	163 \end{tabular*}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	164 \caption{Register usage on x86 fastcall (MS) calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	165 \end{table}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	166
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	167 \paragraph{Parameter passing}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	168
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	169 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	170 \item stack parameter order: right-to-left
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	171 \item called function cleans up the stack
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	172 \item first two integers/pointers (\textless=\ 32bit) are passed via ecx and edx (even if preceded by other arguments)
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	173 \item if first argument is a 64 bit integer, it is passed via ecx and edx
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	174 \item all other parameters are pushed onto the stack
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	175 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	176
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	177 \paragraph{Return values}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	178
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	179 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	180 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	181 \item integers \textgreater\ 32 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers@@@verify
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	182 \item floating point types are returned via the st0 register@@@ really ?
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	183 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	184
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	185
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	186 \paragraph{Stack layout}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	187
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	188 Stack directly after function prolog:\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	189
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	190 \begin{figure}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	191 \begin{tabular}{5\|3\|1 1}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	192 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	193 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	194 register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	195 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	196 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	197 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	198 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & last arg & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	199 & \ldots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	200 & first arg passed via stack & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	201 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	202 & return address & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	203 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	204 register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	205 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	206 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	207 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	208 parameter area & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	209 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	210 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	211 \end{tabular}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	212 \caption{Stack layout on x86 fastcall (MS) calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	213 \end{figure}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	214
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	215
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	216 \pagebreak
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	217
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	218 \subsubsection{GNU fastcall}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	219
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	220 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	221
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	222 \begin{table}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	223 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	224 Name & Brief description\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	225 \hline
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	226 {\bf eax} & scratch, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	227 {\bf ebx} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	228 {\bf ecx} & scratch, parameter 0\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	229 {\bf edx} & scratch, parameter 1, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	230 {\bf esi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	231 {\bf edi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	232 {\bf ebp} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	233 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	234 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	235 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	236 \end{tabular*}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	237 \caption{Register usage on x86 fastcall (GNU) calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	238 \end{table}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	239
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	240 \paragraph{Parameter passing}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	241
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	242 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	243 \item stack parameter order: right-to-left
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	244 \item called function cleans up the stack
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	245 \item first two integers/pointers (\textless=\ 32bit) are passed via ecx and edx (even if preceded by other arguments)
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	246 \item if first argument is a 64 bit integer, it is pushed on the stack and the two registers are skipped
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	247 \item all other parameters are pushed onto the stack
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	248 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	249
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	250
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	251 \paragraph{Return values}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	252
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	253 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	254 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register.
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	255 \item integers \textgreater\ 32 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers.
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	256 \item floating point types are returned via the st0.
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	257 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	258
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	259
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	260 \pagebreak
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	261
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	262 \paragraph{Stack layout}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	263
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	264 Stack directly after function prolog:\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	265
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	266 \begin{figure}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	267 \begin{tabular}{5\|3\|1 1}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	268 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	269 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	270 register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	271 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	272 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	273 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	274 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & last arg & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	275 & \ldots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	276 & first arg passed via stack & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	277 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	278 & return address & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	279 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	280 register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	281 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	282 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	283 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	284 parameter area & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	285 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	286 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	287 \end{tabular}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	288 \caption{Stack layout on x86 fastcall (GNU) calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	289 \end{figure}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	290
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	291
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	292 \subsubsection{Borland fastcall}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	293
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	294 Also called {\bf register convention} by Borland.
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	295
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	296
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	297 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	298
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	299 \begin{table}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	300 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	301 Name & Brief description\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	302 \hline
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	303 {\bf eax} & scratch, parameter 0, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	304 {\bf ebx} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	305 {\bf ecx} & scratch, parameter 2\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	306 {\bf edx} & scratch, parameter 1, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	307 {\bf esi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	308 {\bf edi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	309 {\bf ebp} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	310 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	311 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	312 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	313 \end{tabular*}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	314 \caption{Register usage on x86 fastcall (Borland) calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	315 \end{table}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	316
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	317 \paragraph{Parameter passing}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	318
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	319 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	320 \item stack parameter order: left-to-right
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	321 \item called function cleans up the stack
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	322 \item first three integers/pointers (with exception of method pointers) (\textless=\ 32bit) are passed via eax, ecx and edx (even if preceded or interleaved by other arguments)
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	323 \item all other parameters are pushed onto the stack
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	324 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	325
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	326
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	327 \pagebreak
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	328
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	329 \paragraph{Return values}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	330
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	331 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	332 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	333 \item integers \textgreater\ 32 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	334 \item floating point types are returned via the st0 register
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	335 \item all others (e.g. all structs, return values \textgreater\ 64 bits, ...) are returned by the caller allocating the space and
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	336 passing a pointer to the callee as a new, implicit first parameter
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	337 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	338
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	339
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	340
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	341 \paragraph{Stack layout}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	342
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	343 Stack directly after function prolog:\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	344
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	345 \begin{figure}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	346 \begin{tabular}{5\|3\|1 1}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	347 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	348 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	349 register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	350 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	351 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	352 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	353 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & first arg passed via stack & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	354 & \ldots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	355 & last arg & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	356 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	357 & return address & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	358 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	359 register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	360 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	361 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	362 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	363 parameter area & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	364 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	365 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	366 \end{tabular}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	367 \caption{Stack layout on x86 fastcall (Borland) calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	368 \end{figure}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	369
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	370
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	371 \subsubsection{Watcom fastcall}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	372
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	373
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	374 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	375
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	376 \begin{table}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	377 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	378 Name & Brief description\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	379 \hline
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	380 {\bf eax} & scratch, parameter 0, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	381 {\bf ebx} & scratch when used for parameter, otherwise preserve, parameter 2\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	382 {\bf ecx} & scratch when used for parameter, otherwise preserve, parameter 3\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	383 {\bf edx} & scratch when used for parameter, otherwise preserve, parameter 1, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	384 {\bf esi} & scratch when used for return pointer, otherwise preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	385 {\bf edi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	386 {\bf ebp} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	387 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	388 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	389 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	390 \end{tabular*}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	391 \caption{Register usage on x86 fastcall (Watcom) calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	392 \end{table}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	393
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	394 \paragraph{Parameter passing}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	395
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	396 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	397 \item stack parameter order: right-to-left
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	398 \item called function cleans up the stack
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	399 \item first four integers/pointers (\textless=\ 32bit) are passed via eax, edx, ebx and ecx (even if preceded by other arguments)
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	400 \item arguments \textgreater 32 bits, as well as all subsequent arguments, are passed via the stack
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	401 \item all other parameters are pushed onto the stack
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	402 \item varargs are always passed via the stack
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	403 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	404
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	405
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	406 \paragraph{Return values}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	407
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	408 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	409 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	410 \item integers \textgreater\ 32 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers@@@ verify
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	411 \item floating point types are returned via the st0 register@@@ really ?
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	412 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	413
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	414
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	415 \paragraph{Stack layout}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	416
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	417 Stack directly after function prolog:\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	418
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	419 \begin{figure}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	420 \begin{tabular}{5\|3\|1 1}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	421 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	422 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	423 register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	424 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	425 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	426 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	427 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & last arg & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	428 & \ldots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	429 & first arg passed via stack & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	430 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	431 & return address & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	432 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	433 register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	434 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	435 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	436 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	437 parameter area & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	438 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	439 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	440 \end{tabular}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	441 \caption{Stack layout on x86 fastcall (Watcom) calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	442 \end{figure}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	443
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	444
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	445
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	446 \subsubsection{win32 stdcall}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	447
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	448 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	449
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	450 \begin{table}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	451 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	452 Name & Brief description\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	453 \hline
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	454 {\bf eax} & scratch, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	455 {\bf ebx} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	456 {\bf ecx} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	457 {\bf edx} & scratch, return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	458 {\bf esi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	459 {\bf edi} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	460 {\bf ebp} & preserve\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	461 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	462 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	463 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	464 \end{tabular*}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	465 \caption{Register usage on x86 stdcall calling convention}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	466 \end{table}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	467
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	468 \paragraph{Parameter passing}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	469
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	470 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	471 \item Stack parameter order: right-to-left
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	472 \item Called function cleans up the stack
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	473 \item All parameters are pushed onto the stack
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	474 \item Stack is usually 4 byte aligned (GCC \textgreater=\ 3.x seems to use a 16byte alignement)
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	475 \item the direction flag is clear on entry and must be returned clear % mention it first, above @@@
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	476 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	477
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	478 % introduce mangling section? \item Function name is decorated by prepending an underscore character and appending a '@' character and the number of bytes of stack space required
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	479
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	480 \paragraph{Return values}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	481
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	482 \begin{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	483 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	484 \item integers \textgreater\ 32 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	485 \item floating point types are returned via the st0 register
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	486 \end{itemize}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	487
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	488
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	489 \paragraph{Stack layout}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	490
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	491 Stack directly after function prolog:\\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	492
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	493 \begin{figure}[h]
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	494 \begin{tabular}{5\|3\|1 1}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	495 & \vdots & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	496 \hhline{~=~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	497 register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	498 \hhline{~-~~}
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	499 local data & & & \\
276eb8c87aa0 - review and fixes, cleanup, amendments to calling convention appendix of manual Tassilo Philipp parents: 145 diff changeset	500 \hhline{~-~~}

328

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1 %//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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2 %

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4 % Tassilo Philipp <tphilipp@potion-studios.com>

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5 %

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6 % Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any

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7 % purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above

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8 % copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.

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9 %

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10 % THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES

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11 % WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF

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12 % MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR

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13 % ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES

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14 % WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN

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15 % ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF

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16 % OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

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17 %

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18 %//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

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19

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20 % ==================================================

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21 % x86

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22 % ==================================================

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23 \subsection{x86 Calling Conventions}

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24

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25

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26 \paragraph{Overview}

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27

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28 On this processor, a word is defined to be 16 bits in size, a dword 32 bits

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29 and a qword 64 bits.\\

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30

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31 There are numerous different calling conventions on the x86 processor

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32 architecture, like cdecl \cite{x86cdecl}, MS fastcall \cite{x86Winfastcall}, GNU

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33 fastcall \cite{x86GNUfastcall}, Borland fastcall \cite{x86Borlandfastcall}, Watcom

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34 fastcall \cite{x86Watcomfastcall}, Win32 stdcall \cite{x86Winstdcall}, MS thiscall

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35 \cite{x86Winthiscall}, GNU thiscall \cite{x86GNUthiscall}, the pascal calling

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36 convention \cite{x86Pascal} and a cdecl-like version for Plan9 \cite{x86Plan9}

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37 (dubbed plan9call by us), etc.\\

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38

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39 \begin{table}[h]

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40 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{rccccc}

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41 & \# of regs & \# regs to & & cleanup & 64bit args \\

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42 Name & for params & \# preserve & push order & by & via regs? \\

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43 \hline

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44 cdecl & 0 & 4 & $\leftarrow$ & caller & - \\

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45 MS fastcall & 2 & 4 & $\leftarrow$ & callee & Y \\

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46 GNU fastcall & 2 & 4 & $\leftarrow$ & callee & N \\

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47 Borland fastcall & 3 & 4 & $\rightarrow$ & callee & N \\

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48 Watcom fastcall & 4 & 2-6 & $\leftarrow$ & callee & N \\

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49 win32 stdcall & 0 & 4 & $\leftarrow$ & callee & - \\

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50 MS thiscall & 1 & 4 & $\leftarrow$ & callee & N \\

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51 GNU thiscall & 0 & 4 & $\leftarrow$ & caller & - \\

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52 pascal & 0 & 4 & $\rightarrow$ & callee & - \\

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53 plan9call & 0 & 0 & $\leftarrow$ & caller & - \\

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54 \end{tabular*}

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55 \caption{short x86 calling convention comparison}

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56 \end{table}

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57

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58

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59 \paragraph{\product{dyncall} support}

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60

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61 Currently cdecl, stdcall, fastcall (MS and GNU), thiscall (MS and GNU) and

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62 plan9call are supported.\\

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63 \\

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64

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65

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66 \newpage

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67

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68

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69 \subsubsection{cdecl}

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70

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71 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}

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72

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73 \begin{table}[h]

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74 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}

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75 Name & Brief description\\

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76 \hline

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77 {\bf eax} & scratch, return value\\

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78 {\bf ebx} & preserve\\

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79 {\bf ecx} & scratch\\

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80 {\bf edx} & scratch, return value\\

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81 {\bf esi} & preserve\\

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82 {\bf edi} & preserve\\

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83 {\bf ebp} & preserve\\

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84 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\

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85 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\

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86 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\

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87 \end{tabular*}

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88 \caption{Register usage on x86 cdecl calling convention}

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89 \end{table}

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90

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91

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92 \paragraph{Parameter passing}

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93

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94 \begin{itemize}

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95 \item stack parameter order: right-to-left

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96 \item caller cleans up the stack

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97 \item all arguments are pushed onto the stack

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98 \end{itemize}

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99

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100 \paragraph{Return values}

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101

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102 \begin{itemize}

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103 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register

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104 \item integers \textgreater\ 32 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers

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105 \item return values \textgreater\ 64 bits (e.g. structures) are returned by the caller allocating the space and

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106 passing a pointer to the callee as a new, implicit first parameter (this means, on the stack)

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107 \item floating point types are returned via the st0 register (except on Minix, where they are returned as integers are)

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108 \end{itemize}

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109

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110

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111 \paragraph{Stack layout}

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112

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113 % verified/amended: TP nov 2019 (see also doc/disas_examples/x86.cdecl.disas)

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114 Stack directly after function prolog:\\

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115

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116 \begin{figure}[h]

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117 \begin{tabular}{5|3|1 1}

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118 & \vdots & & \\

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119 \hhline{~=~~}

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120 register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\

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121 \hhline{~-~~}

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122 local data & & & \\

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123 \hhline{~-~~}

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124 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & arg n-1 & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\

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125 & \ldots & & \\

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126 & arg 0 & & \\

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127 \hhline{~-~~}

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128 & return address & & \\

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129 \hhline{~=~~}

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130 register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\

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131 \hhline{~-~~}

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132 local data & & & \\

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133 \hhline{~-~~}

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134 parameter area & & & \\

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135 \hhline{~-~~}

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136 & \vdots & & \\

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137 \end{tabular}

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138 \caption{Stack layout on x86 cdecl calling convention}

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139 \end{figure}

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140

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141

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142 \newpage

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143

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144

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145 \subsubsection{MS fastcall}

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146

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147 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}

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148

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149 \begin{table}[h]

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150 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}

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151 Name & Brief description\\

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152 \hline

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153 {\bf eax} & scratch, return value\\

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154 {\bf ebx} & preserve\\

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155 {\bf ecx} & scratch, parameter 0\\

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156 {\bf edx} & scratch, parameter 1, return value\\

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157 {\bf esi} & preserve\\

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158 {\bf edi} & preserve\\

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159 {\bf ebp} & preserve\\

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160 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\

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161 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\

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162 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\

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163 \end{tabular*}

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164 \caption{Register usage on x86 fastcall (MS) calling convention}

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165 \end{table}

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166

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167 \paragraph{Parameter passing}

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168

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169 \begin{itemize}

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170 \item stack parameter order: right-to-left

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171 \item called function cleans up the stack

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172 \item first two integers/pointers (\textless=\ 32bit) are passed via ecx and edx (even if preceded by other arguments)

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173 \item if first argument is a 64 bit integer, it is passed via ecx and edx

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174 \item all other parameters are pushed onto the stack

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175 \end{itemize}

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176

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177 \paragraph{Return values}

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178

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179 \begin{itemize}

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180 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register

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181 \item integers \textgreater\ 32 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers@@@verify

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182 \item floating point types are returned via the st0 register@@@ really ?

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183 \end{itemize}

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184

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185

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186 \paragraph{Stack layout}

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187

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188 Stack directly after function prolog:\\

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189

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190 \begin{figure}[h]

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191 \begin{tabular}{5|3|1 1}

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192 & \vdots & & \\

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193 \hhline{~=~~}

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194 register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\

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195 \hhline{~-~~}

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196 local data & & & \\

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197 \hhline{~-~~}

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198 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & last arg & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\

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199 & \ldots & & \\

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200 & first arg passed via stack & & \\

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201 \hhline{~-~~}

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202 & return address & & \\

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203 \hhline{~=~~}

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204 register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\

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205 \hhline{~-~~}

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206 local data & & & \\

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207 \hhline{~-~~}

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208 parameter area & & & \\

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209 \hhline{~-~~}

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210 & \vdots & & \\

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211 \end{tabular}

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212 \caption{Stack layout on x86 fastcall (MS) calling convention}

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213 \end{figure}

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214

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215

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216 \pagebreak

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217

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218 \subsubsection{GNU fastcall}

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219

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220 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}

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221

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222 \begin{table}[h]

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223 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}

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224 Name & Brief description\\

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225 \hline

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226 {\bf eax} & scratch, return value\\

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227 {\bf ebx} & preserve\\

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228 {\bf ecx} & scratch, parameter 0\\

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229 {\bf edx} & scratch, parameter 1, return value\\

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230 {\bf esi} & preserve\\

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231 {\bf edi} & preserve\\

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232 {\bf ebp} & preserve\\

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233 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\

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234 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\

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235 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\

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236 \end{tabular*}

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237 \caption{Register usage on x86 fastcall (GNU) calling convention}

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238 \end{table}

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239

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240 \paragraph{Parameter passing}

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241

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242 \begin{itemize}

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243 \item stack parameter order: right-to-left

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244 \item called function cleans up the stack

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245 \item first two integers/pointers (\textless=\ 32bit) are passed via ecx and edx (even if preceded by other arguments)

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246 \item if first argument is a 64 bit integer, it is pushed on the stack and the two registers are skipped

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247 \item all other parameters are pushed onto the stack

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248 \end{itemize}

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249

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250

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251 \paragraph{Return values}

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252

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253 \begin{itemize}

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254 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register.

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255 \item integers \textgreater\ 32 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers.

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256 \item floating point types are returned via the st0.

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257 \end{itemize}

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258

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259

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260 \pagebreak

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261

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262 \paragraph{Stack layout}

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263

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264 Stack directly after function prolog:\\

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265

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266 \begin{figure}[h]

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267 \begin{tabular}{5|3|1 1}

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268 & \vdots & & \\

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269 \hhline{~=~~}

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270 register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\

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271 \hhline{~-~~}

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272 local data & & & \\

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273 \hhline{~-~~}

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274 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & last arg & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\

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275 & \ldots & & \\

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276 & first arg passed via stack & & \\

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277 \hhline{~-~~}

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278 & return address & & \\

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279 \hhline{~=~~}

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280 register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\

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281 \hhline{~-~~}

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282 local data & & & \\

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283 \hhline{~-~~}

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284 parameter area & & & \\

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285 \hhline{~-~~}

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286 & \vdots & & \\

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287 \end{tabular}

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288 \caption{Stack layout on x86 fastcall (GNU) calling convention}

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289 \end{figure}

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290

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291

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292 \subsubsection{Borland fastcall}

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293

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294 Also called {\bf register convention} by Borland.

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295

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296

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297 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}

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298

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299 \begin{table}[h]

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300 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}

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301 Name & Brief description\\

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302 \hline

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303 {\bf eax} & scratch, parameter 0, return value\\

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304 {\bf ebx} & preserve\\

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305 {\bf ecx} & scratch, parameter 2\\

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306 {\bf edx} & scratch, parameter 1, return value\\

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307 {\bf esi} & preserve\\

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308 {\bf edi} & preserve\\

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309 {\bf ebp} & preserve\\

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310 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\

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311 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\

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312 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\

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313 \end{tabular*}

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314 \caption{Register usage on x86 fastcall (Borland) calling convention}

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315 \end{table}

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316

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317 \paragraph{Parameter passing}

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318

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319 \begin{itemize}

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320 \item stack parameter order: left-to-right

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321 \item called function cleans up the stack

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322 \item first three integers/pointers (with exception of method pointers) (\textless=\ 32bit) are passed via eax, ecx and edx (even if preceded or interleaved by other arguments)

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323 \item all other parameters are pushed onto the stack

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324 \end{itemize}

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325

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326

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327 \pagebreak

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328

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329 \paragraph{Return values}

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330

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331 \begin{itemize}

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332 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register

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333 \item integers \textgreater\ 32 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers

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334 \item floating point types are returned via the st0 register

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335 \item all others (e.g. all structs, return values \textgreater\ 64 bits, ...) are returned by the caller allocating the space and

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336 passing a pointer to the callee as a new, implicit first parameter

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337 \end{itemize}

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338

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339

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340

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341 \paragraph{Stack layout}

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342

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343 Stack directly after function prolog:\\

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344

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345 \begin{figure}[h]

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346 \begin{tabular}{5|3|1 1}

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347 & \vdots & & \\

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348 \hhline{~=~~}

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349 register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\

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350 \hhline{~-~~}

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351 local data & & & \\

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352 \hhline{~-~~}

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353 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & first arg passed via stack & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\

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354 & \ldots & & \\

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355 & last arg & & \\

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356 \hhline{~-~~}

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357 & return address & & \\

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358 \hhline{~=~~}

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359 register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\

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360 \hhline{~-~~}

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361 local data & & & \\

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362 \hhline{~-~~}

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363 parameter area & & & \\

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364 \hhline{~-~~}

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365 & \vdots & & \\

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366 \end{tabular}

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367 \caption{Stack layout on x86 fastcall (Borland) calling convention}

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368 \end{figure}

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369

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370

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371 \subsubsection{Watcom fastcall}

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372

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373

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374 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}

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375

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376 \begin{table}[h]

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377 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}

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378 Name & Brief description\\

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379 \hline

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380 {\bf eax} & scratch, parameter 0, return value\\

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381 {\bf ebx} & scratch when used for parameter, otherwise preserve, parameter 2\\

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382 {\bf ecx} & scratch when used for parameter, otherwise preserve, parameter 3\\

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383 {\bf edx} & scratch when used for parameter, otherwise preserve, parameter 1, return value\\

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384 {\bf esi} & scratch when used for return pointer, otherwise preserve\\

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385 {\bf edi} & preserve\\

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386 {\bf ebp} & preserve\\

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387 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\

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388 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\

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389 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\

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390 \end{tabular*}

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391 \caption{Register usage on x86 fastcall (Watcom) calling convention}

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392 \end{table}

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393

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394 \paragraph{Parameter passing}

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395

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396 \begin{itemize}

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397 \item stack parameter order: right-to-left

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398 \item called function cleans up the stack

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399 \item first four integers/pointers (\textless=\ 32bit) are passed via eax, edx, ebx and ecx (even if preceded by other arguments)

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400 \item arguments \textgreater 32 bits, as well as all subsequent arguments, are passed via the stack

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401 \item all other parameters are pushed onto the stack

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402 \item varargs are always passed via the stack

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403 \end{itemize}

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404

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405

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406 \paragraph{Return values}

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407

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408 \begin{itemize}

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409 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register

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410 \item integers \textgreater\ 32 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers@@@ verify

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411 \item floating point types are returned via the st0 register@@@ really ?

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412 \end{itemize}

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413

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414

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415 \paragraph{Stack layout}

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416

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417 Stack directly after function prolog:\\

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418

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419 \begin{figure}[h]

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420 \begin{tabular}{5|3|1 1}

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421 & \vdots & & \\

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422 \hhline{~=~~}

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423 register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\

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424 \hhline{~-~~}

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425 local data & & & \\

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426 \hhline{~-~~}

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427 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & last arg & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\

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428 & \ldots & & \\

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429 & first arg passed via stack & & \\

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430 \hhline{~-~~}

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431 & return address & & \\

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432 \hhline{~=~~}

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433 register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\

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434 \hhline{~-~~}

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435 local data & & & \\

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436 \hhline{~-~~}

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437 parameter area & & & \\

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438 \hhline{~-~~}

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439 & \vdots & & \\

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440 \end{tabular}

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441 \caption{Stack layout on x86 fastcall (Watcom) calling convention}

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442 \end{figure}

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443

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444

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445

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446 \subsubsection{win32 stdcall}

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447

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448 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}

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449

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450 \begin{table}[h]

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451 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}

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452 Name & Brief description\\

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453 \hline

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454 {\bf eax} & scratch, return value\\

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455 {\bf ebx} & preserve\\

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456 {\bf ecx} & scratch\\

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457 {\bf edx} & scratch, return value\\

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458 {\bf esi} & preserve\\

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459 {\bf edi} & preserve\\

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460 {\bf ebp} & preserve\\

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461 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\

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462 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\

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463 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\

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464 \end{tabular*}

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465 \caption{Register usage on x86 stdcall calling convention}

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466 \end{table}

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467

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468 \paragraph{Parameter passing}

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469

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470 \begin{itemize}

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471 \item Stack parameter order: right-to-left

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472 \item Called function cleans up the stack

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473 \item All parameters are pushed onto the stack

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474 \item Stack is usually 4 byte aligned (GCC \textgreater=\ 3.x seems to use a 16byte alignement)

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475 \item the direction flag is clear on entry and must be returned clear % mention it first, above @@@

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476 \end{itemize}

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477

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478 % introduce mangling section? \item Function name is decorated by prepending an underscore character and appending a '@' character and the number of bytes of stack space required

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479

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480 \paragraph{Return values}

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481

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482 \begin{itemize}

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483 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register

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484 \item integers \textgreater\ 32 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers

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485 \item floating point types are returned via the st0 register

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486 \end{itemize}

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487

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diff changeset

488

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489 \paragraph{Stack layout}

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490

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491 Stack directly after function prolog:\\

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diff changeset

492

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493 \begin{figure}[h]

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494 \begin{tabular}{5|3|1 1}

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495 & \vdots & & \\

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496 \hhline{~=~~}

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497 register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\

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498 \hhline{~-~~}

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499 local data & & & \\

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500 \hhline{~-~~}

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501 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & arg n-1 & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\

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502 & \ldots & & \\

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503 & arg 0 & & \\

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504 \hhline{~-~~}

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505 & return address & & \\

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506 \hhline{~=~~}

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diff changeset

507 register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\

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508 \hhline{~-~~}

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509 local data & & & \\

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diff changeset

510 \hhline{~-~~}

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diff changeset

511 parameter area & & & \\

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512 \hhline{~-~~}

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513 & \vdots & & \\

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514 \end{tabular}

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515 \caption{Stack layout on x86 stdcall calling convention}

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diff changeset

516 \end{figure}

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517

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518 \subsubsection{MS thiscall}

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519

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520 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}

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521

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522 \begin{table}[h]

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523 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}

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524 Name & Brief description\\

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525 \hline

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526 {\bf eax} & scratch, return value\\

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527 {\bf ebx} & preserve\\

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528 {\bf ecx} & scratch, parameter 0\\

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529 {\bf edx} & scratch, return value\\

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530 {\bf esi} & preserve\\

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531 {\bf edi} & preserve\\

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532 {\bf ebp} & preserve\\

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533 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\

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534 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\

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535 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\

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536 \end{tabular*}

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537 \caption{Register usage on x86 thiscall (MS) calling convention}

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538 \end{table}

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539

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540 \newpage

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541

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542

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543 \paragraph{Parameter passing}

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544

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545 \begin{itemize}

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546 \item stack parameter order: right-to-left

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547 \item called function cleans up the stack

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548 \item first parameter (this pointer) is passed via ecx

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549 \item all other parameters are pushed onto the stack

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550 \end{itemize}

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551

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552 % introduce mangling section? \item Function name is decorated by prepending a '@' character and appending a '@' character and the number of bytes (decimal) of stack space required

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553

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554 \paragraph{Return values}

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555

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556 \begin{itemize}

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557 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register

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558 \item integers \textgreater\ 32 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers@@@verify

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559 \item floating point types are returned via the st0 register@@@ really ?

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560 \end{itemize}

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561

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562

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563 \paragraph{Stack layout}

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564

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565 Stack directly after function prolog:\\

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566

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567 \begin{figure}[h]

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568 \begin{tabular}{5|3|1 1}

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569 & \vdots & & \\

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570 \hhline{~=~~}

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571 register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\

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572 \hhline{~=~~}

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573 local data & & & \\

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574 \hhline{~-~~}

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575 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & arg n-1 & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\

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576 & \ldots & & \\

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577 & arg 1 & & \\

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578 \hhline{~-~~}

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579 & return address & & \\

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580 \hhline{~=~~}

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581 register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\

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582 \hhline{~-~~}

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583 local data & & & \\

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584 \hhline{~-~~}

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585 parameter area & & & \\

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586 \hhline{~-~~}

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587 & \vdots & & \\

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588 \end{tabular}

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589 \caption{Stack layout on x86 thiscall (MS) calling convention}

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590 \end{figure}

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591

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592

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593

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594 \subsubsection{GNU thiscall}

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595

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596 This is equivalent to the cdecl calling convention, with the first parameter being the this pointer.

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597

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598 % \paragraph{Registers and register usage}

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599 %

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600 % \begin{table}[h]

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601 % \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}

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602 % Name & Brief description\\

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603 % \hline

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604 % {\bf eax} & scratch, return value\\

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605 % {\bf ebx} & preserve\\

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606 % {\bf ecx} & scratch\\

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607 % {\bf edx} & scratch, return value\\

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608 % {\bf esi} & preserve\\

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609 % {\bf edi} & preserve\\

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610 % {\bf ebp} & preserve\\

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611 % {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\

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612 % {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\

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613 % {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\

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614 % \end{tabular*}

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615 % \caption{Register usage on x86 thiscall (GNU) calling convention}

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616 % \end{table}

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617 %

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618 % \paragraph{Parameter passing}

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619 %

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620 % \begin{itemize}

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621 % \item stack parameter order: right-to-left

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622 % \item caller cleans up the stack

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623 % \item all parameters are pushed onto the stack

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624 % \end{itemize}

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625 %

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626 %

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627 % \paragraph{Return values}

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628 %

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629 % \begin{itemize}

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630 % \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register

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631 % \item integers \textgreater\ 32 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers

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632 % \item floating point types are returned via the st0 register

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633 % \end{itemize}

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634 %

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635 %

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636 % \paragraph{Stack layout}

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637 %

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638 % Stack directly after function prolog:\\

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639 %

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640 % \begin{figure}[h]

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641 % \begin{tabular}{5|3|1 1}

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642 % & \vdots & & \\

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643 % \hhline{~=~~}

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644 % register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\

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645 % \hhline{~-~~}

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646 % local data & & & \\

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647 % \hhline{~-~~}

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648 % \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & arg n-1 & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\

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649 % & \ldots & & \\

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650 % & arg 0 & & \\

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651 % \hhline{~-~~}

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652 % & return address & & \\

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653 % \hhline{~=~~}

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654 % register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\

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655 % \hhline{~-~~}

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656 % local data & & & \\

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657 % \hhline{~-~~}

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658 % parameter area & & & \\

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659 % \hhline{~-~~}

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660 % & \vdots & & \\

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661 % \end{tabular}

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662 % \caption{Stack layout on x86 thiscall (GNU) calling convention}

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663 % \end{figure}

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664

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665

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666

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667 \subsubsection{pascal}

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668

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669 The best known uses of the pascal calling convention are the 16 bit OS/2 APIs, Microsoft Windows 3.x and Borland Delphi 1.x.

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670

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671 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}

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672

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673 \begin{table}[h]

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674 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}

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675 Name & Brief description\\

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676 \hline

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677 {\bf eax} & scratch, return value\\

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678 {\bf ebx} & preserve\\

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679 {\bf ecx} & scratch\\

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680 {\bf edx} & scratch, return value\\

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681 {\bf esi} & preserve\\

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682 {\bf edi} & preserve\\

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683 {\bf ebp} & preserve\\

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684 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\

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685 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\

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686 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\

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687 \end{tabular*}

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688 \caption{Register usage on x86 pascal calling convention}

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689 \end{table}

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690

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691 \paragraph{Parameter passing}

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692

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693 \begin{itemize}

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694 \item stack parameter order: left-to-right

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695 \item called function cleans up the stack

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696 \item all parameters are pushed onto the stack

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697 \end{itemize}

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698

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699

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700 \paragraph{Return values}

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701

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diff changeset

702 \begin{itemize}

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703 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register

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704 \item integers \textgreater\ 32 bits are returned via the eax and edx registers

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705 \item floating point types are returned via the st0 register

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706 \end{itemize}

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diff changeset

707

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diff changeset

708

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diff changeset

709 \paragraph{Stack layout}

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710

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711 Stack directly after function prolog:\\

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712

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diff changeset

713 \begin{figure}[h]

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714 \begin{tabular}{5|3|1 1}

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diff changeset

715 & \vdots & & \\

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diff changeset

716 \hhline{~=~~}

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diff changeset

717 register save area & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{6}{caller's frame} \\

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718 \hhline{~-~~}

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719 local data & & & \\

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diff changeset

720 \hhline{~-~~}

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diff changeset

721 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & arg 0 & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\

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722 & \ldots & & \\

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diff changeset

723 & arg n-1 & & \\

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724 \hhline{~-~~}

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725 & return address & & \\

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726 \hhline{~=~~}

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diff changeset

727 register save area & & & \mrrbrace{4}{current frame} \\

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728 \hhline{~-~~}

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diff changeset

729 local data & & & \\

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diff changeset

730 \hhline{~-~~}

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731 parameter area & & & \\

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732 \hhline{~-~~}

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733 & \vdots & & \\

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734 \end{tabular}

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735 \caption{Stack layout on x86 pascal calling convention}

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736 \end{figure}

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diff changeset

737

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738

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diff changeset

739 \newpage

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740

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741 \subsubsection{plan9call}

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742

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743 \paragraph{Registers and register usage}

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744

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745 \begin{table}[h]

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746 \begin{tabular*}{0.95\textwidth}{3 B}

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747 Name & Brief description\\

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748 \hline

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749 {\bf eax} & scratch, return value\\

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750 {\bf ebx} & scratch\\

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751 {\bf ecx} & scratch\\

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752 {\bf edx} & scratch\\

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753 {\bf esi} & scratch\\

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754 {\bf edi} & scratch\\

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755 {\bf ebp} & scratch\\

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756 {\bf esp} & stack pointer\\

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757 {\bf st0} & scratch, floating point return value\\

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758 {\bf st1-st7} & scratch\\

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759 \end{tabular*}

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760 \caption{Register usage on x86 plan9call calling convention}

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761 \end{table}

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762

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763 \paragraph{Parameter passing}

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764

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diff changeset

765 \begin{itemize}

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766 \item stack parameter order: right-to-left

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767 \item caller cleans up the stack

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768 \item all parameters are pushed onto the stack

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769 \end{itemize}

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diff changeset

770

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diff changeset

771 \pagebreak

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772

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773 \paragraph{Return values}

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774

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diff changeset

775 \begin{itemize}

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776 \item return values of pointer or integral type (\textless=\ 32 bits) are returned via the eax register

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777 \item integers \textgreater\ 32 bits or structures are returned by the caller allocating the space and

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diff changeset

778 passing a pointer to the callee as a new, implicit first parameter (this means, on the stack)

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779 \item floating point types are returned via the st0 register (called F0 in plan9 8a's terms)

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780 \end{itemize}

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781

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diff changeset

782

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783 \paragraph{Stack layout}

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784

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785 % verified/amended: TP nov 2019 (see also doc/disas_examples/x86.plan9call.disas)

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786 Note there is no register save area at all. Stack directly after function prolog:\\

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787

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788 \begin{figure}[h]

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789 \begin{tabular}{5|3|1 1}

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790 & \vdots & & \\

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791 \hhline{~=~~}

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792 local data & \hspace{4cm} & & \mrrbrace{5}{caller's frame} \\

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793 \hhline{~-~~}

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794 \mrlbrace{3}{parameter area} & arg n-1 & \mrrbrace{3}{stack parameters} & \\

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795 & \ldots & & \\

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796 & arg 0 & & \\

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797 \hhline{~-~~}

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798 & return address & & \\

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799 \hhline{~=~~}

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800 local data & & & \mrrbrace{3}{current frame} \\

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801 \hhline{~-~~}

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802 parameter area & & & \\

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803 \hhline{~-~~}

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804 & \vdots & & \\

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805 \end{tabular}

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806 \caption{Stack layout on x86 plan9call calling convention}

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807 \end{figure}

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808

Mercurial > pub > dyncall > dyncall

annotate doc/manual/callconvs/callconv_x86.tex @ 328:276eb8c87aa0