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view doc/disas_examples/mips.eabi.disas @ 529:fe694c7677b4
- mips eabi doc disas examples
| author | Tassilo Philipp |
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 14 Apr 2022 21:18:02 +0200 |
| parents | 06c9adae114d |
| children |
line wrap: on
line source
; #include <stdlib.h> ; ; void leaf_call(int b, int c, int d, int e, int f, int g, int h) ; { ; } ; ; void nonleaf_call(int a, int b, int c, int d, int e, int f, int g, int h) ; { ; /* use some local data */ ; *(char*)alloca(220) = 'L'; ; leaf_call(b, c, d, e, f, g, h); ; } ; ; int main() ; { ; nonleaf_call(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7); ; return 0; ; } ; output from psptoolchain-20111215-psp w/ gcc 4.9.3 00000000 <leaf_call>: 0: 27bdffd8 addiu sp,sp,-40 4: afbe0024 sw s8,36(sp) 8: 03a0f021 move s8,sp c: afc40000 sw a0,0(s8) 10: afc50004 sw a1,4(s8) 14: afc60008 sw a2,8(s8) 18: afc7000c sw a3,12(s8) 1c: afc80010 sw t0,16(s8) 20: afc90014 sw t1,20(s8) 24: afca0018 sw t2,24(s8) 28: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 2c: 8fbe0024 lw s8,36(sp) 30: 27bd0028 addiu sp,sp,40 34: 03e00008 jr ra 38: 00000000 nop 0000003c <nonleaf_call>: 3c: 27bdffd8 addiu sp,sp,-40 ; | 40: afbf0024 sw ra,36(sp) ; | 44: afbe0020 sw s8,32(sp) ; | prolog 48: 03a0f021 move s8,sp ; / frame pointer (note: with offset to frame start, but static compared to sp) 4c: afc40000 sw a0,0(s8) ; \ 50: afc50004 sw a1,4(s8) ; | 54: afc60008 sw a2,8(s8) ; | 58: afc7000c sw a3,12(s8) ; | 5c: afc80010 sw t0,16(s8) ; | in args 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 -> temp space in local area 60: afc90014 sw t1,20(s8) ; | 64: afca0018 sw t2,24(s8) ; | 68: afcb001c sw t3,28(s8) ; | 6c: 27bdff18 addiu sp,sp,-232 ; alloca(220) - with padding to guarantee alignment 70: 03a01021 move v0,sp ; | 74: 24420007 addiu v0,v0,7 ; | 78: 000210c2 srl v0,v0,0x3 ; | start of alloca()'d memory -> v1, by ... 7c: 000210c0 sll v0,v0,0x3 ; | ... using v0 as helper to align to 8b 80: 00401821 move v1,v0 ; | 84: 2402004c li v0,76 ; 'L' -> v0, and... 88: a0620000 sb v0,0(v1) ; ... store in local area (of alloca()'d space) 8c: 8fc40004 lw a0,4(s8) ; | 90: 8fc50008 lw a1,8(s8) ; | 94: 8fc6000c lw a2,12(s8) ; | 98: 8fc70010 lw a3,16(s8) ; | arg 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 (fetched from local area stored to above) 9c: 8fc80014 lw t0,20(s8) ; | (t0 = a4) a0: 8fc90018 lw t1,24(s8) ; | (t1 = a5) a4: 8fca001c lw t2,28(s8) ; | (t2 = a6) a8: 0c000000 jal 0 <leaf_call> ; call and ret addr -> ra ac: 00000000 nop ; branch delay slot b0: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 ; | b4: 8fbf0024 lw ra,36(sp) ; | b8: 8fbe0020 lw s8,32(sp) ; | bc: 27bd0028 addiu sp,sp,40 ; | epilog c0: 03e00008 jr ra ; | c4: 00000000 nop ; | branch delay slot 000000c8 <main>: c8: 27bdfff8 addiu sp,sp,-8 ; | cc: afbf0004 sw ra,4(sp) ; | d0: afbe0000 sw s8,0(sp) ; | prolog d4: 03a0f021 move s8,sp ; | frame pointer (note: with offset to frame start, but static compared to sp) d8: 00002021 move a0,zero ; arg 0 dc: 24050001 li a1,1 ; arg 1 e0: 24060002 li a2,2 ; arg 2 e4: 24070003 li a3,3 ; arg 3 e8: 24080004 li t0,4 ; arg 4 (t0 = a4) ec: 24090005 li t1,5 ; arg 5 (t1 = a5) f0: 240a0006 li t2,6 ; arg 6 (t2 = a6) f4: 240b0007 li t3,7 ; arg 7 (t3 = a7) f8: 0c000000 jal 0 <leaf_call> ; call and ret addr -> ra fc: 00000000 nop ; branch delay slot 100: 00001021 move v0,zero ; return value 104: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 ; | 108: 8fbf0004 lw ra,4(sp) ; | 10c: 8fbe0000 lw s8,0(sp) ; | 110: 27bd0008 addiu sp,sp,8 ; | epilog 114: 03e00008 jr ra ; | 118: 00000000 nop ; | branch delay slot ; ------------- as above but more args to use stack params -----------> ; #include <stdlib.h> ; ; void leaf_call(int b, int c, int d, int e, int f, int g, int h, int i, int j) ; { ; } ; ; void nonleaf_call(int a, int b, int c, int d, int e, int f, int g, int h, int i, int j) ; { ; /* use some local data */ ; *(char*)alloca(220) = 'L'; ; leaf_call(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j); ; } ; ; int main() ; { ; nonleaf_call(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9); ; return 0; ; } ; output from psptoolchain-20111215-psp w/ gcc 4.9.3 00000000 <leaf_call>: 0: 27bdffd8 addiu sp,sp,-40 4: afbe0024 sw s8,36(sp) 8: 03a0f021 move s8,sp c: afc40000 sw a0,0(s8) 10: afc50004 sw a1,4(s8) 14: afc60008 sw a2,8(s8) 18: afc7000c sw a3,12(s8) 1c: afc80010 sw t0,16(s8) 20: afc90014 sw t1,20(s8) 24: afca0018 sw t2,24(s8) 28: afcb001c sw t3,28(s8) 2c: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 30: 8fbe0024 lw s8,36(sp) 34: 27bd0028 addiu sp,sp,40 38: 03e00008 jr ra 3c: 00000000 nop 00000040 <nonleaf_call>: 40: 27bdffd0 addiu sp,sp,-48 ; | 44: afbf002c sw ra,44(sp) ; | 48: afbe0028 sw s8,40(sp) ; | prolog 4c: 03a0f021 move s8,sp ; / frame pointer (note: with offset to frame start, but static compared to sp) 50: afc40008 sw a0,8(s8) ; \ 54: afc5000c sw a1,12(s8) ; | 58: afc60010 sw a2,16(s8) ; | 5c: afc70014 sw a3,20(s8) ; | 60: afc80018 sw t0,24(s8) ; | in args 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 -> temp space in local area 64: afc9001c sw t1,28(s8) ; | 68: afca0020 sw t2,32(s8) ; | 6c: afcb0024 sw t3,36(s8) ; | 70: 27bdff18 addiu sp,sp,-232 ; alloca(220) - with padding to guarantee alignment 74: 27a20008 addiu v0,sp,8 ; | 78: 24420007 addiu v0,v0,7 ; | 7c: 000210c2 srl v0,v0,0x3 ; | start of alloca()'d memory -> v1, by ... 80: 000210c0 sll v0,v0,0x3 ; | ... using v0 as helper to align to 8b 84: 00401821 move v1,v0 ; | 88: 2402004c li v0,76 ; 'L' -> v0, and... 8c: a0620000 sb v0,0(v1) ; ... store in local area (of alloca()'d space) 90: 8fc20034 lw v0,52(s8) ; arg 8 (fetched from prev frame's param area), and ... 94: afa20000 sw v0,0(sp) ; ... "pushed" onto stack 98: 8fc4000c lw a0,12(s8) ; | 9c: 8fc50010 lw a1,16(s8) ; | a0: 8fc60014 lw a2,20(s8) ; | a4: 8fc70018 lw a3,24(s8) ; | arg 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 (fetched from local area stored to above) a8: 8fc8001c lw t0,28(s8) ; | (t0 = a4) ac: 8fc90020 lw t1,32(s8) ; | (t1 = a5) b0: 8fca0024 lw t2,36(s8) ; | (t2 = a6) b4: 8fcb0030 lw t3,48(s8) ; | (t3 = a7) b8: 0c000000 jal 0 <leaf_call> ; call and ret addr -> ra bc: 00000000 nop ; branch delay slot c0: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 ; | c4: 8fbf002c lw ra,44(sp) ; | c8: 8fbe0028 lw s8,40(sp) ; | cc: 27bd0030 addiu sp,sp,48 ; | epilog d0: 03e00008 jr ra ; | d4: 00000000 nop ; | branch delay slot 000000d8 <main>: d8: 27bdfff0 addiu sp,sp,-16 ; | dc: afbf000c sw ra,12(sp) ; | e0: afbe0008 sw s8,8(sp) ; | prolog e4: 03a0f021 move s8,sp ; | frame pointer (note: with offset to frame start, but static compared to sp) e8: 24020008 li v0,8 ; arg 8 ec: afa20000 sw v0,0(sp) ; ... "pushed" onto stack f0: 24020009 li v0,9 ; arg 9 f4: afa20004 sw v0,4(sp) ; ... "pushed" onto stack f8: 00002021 move a0,zero ; arg 0 fc: 24050001 li a1,1 ; arg 1 100: 24060002 li a2,2 ; arg 2 104: 24070003 li a3,3 ; arg 3 108: 24080004 li t0,4 ; arg 4 (t0 = a4) 10c: 24090005 li t1,5 ; arg 5 (t1 = a5) 110: 240a0006 li t2,6 ; arg 6 (t2 = a6) 114: 240b0007 li t3,7 ; arg 7 (t3 = a7) 118: 0c000000 jal 0 <leaf_call> ; call and ret addr -> ra 11c: 00000000 nop ; branch delay slot 120: 00001021 move v0,zero ; return value 124: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 ; | 128: 8fbf000c lw ra,12(sp) ; | 12c: 8fbe0008 lw s8,8(sp) ; | 130: 27bd0010 addiu sp,sp,16 ; | epilog 134: 03e00008 jr ra ; | 138: 00000000 nop ; | branch delay slot ; ------------- with var args to see spilling -----------> ; #include <stdlib.h> ; #include <stdarg.h> ; ; void leaf_call(int b, int c, int d, int e, int f, int g, int h, int i, int j) ; { ; } ; ; void nonleaf_call(int a, ...) ; { ; int b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j; ; va_list ap; ; va_start(ap, a); ; b = va_arg(ap, int); ; c = va_arg(ap, int); ; d = va_arg(ap, int); ; e = va_arg(ap, int); ; f = va_arg(ap, int); ; g = va_arg(ap, int); ; h = va_arg(ap, int); ; i = va_arg(ap, int); ; j = va_arg(ap, int); ; /* use some local data */ ; *(char*)alloca(220) = 'L'; ; leaf_call(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j); ; } ; ; int main() ; { ; nonleaf_call(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9); ; return 0; ; } ; output from psptoolchain-20111215-psp w/ gcc 4.9.3 00000000 <leaf_call>: 0: 27bdffd8 addiu sp,sp,-40 4: afbe0024 sw s8,36(sp) 8: 03a0f021 move s8,sp c: afc40000 sw a0,0(s8) 10: afc50004 sw a1,4(s8) 14: afc60008 sw a2,8(s8) 18: afc7000c sw a3,12(s8) 1c: afc80010 sw t0,16(s8) 20: afc90014 sw t1,20(s8) 24: afca0018 sw t2,24(s8) 28: afcb001c sw t3,28(s8) 2c: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 30: 8fbe0024 lw s8,36(sp) 34: 27bd0028 addiu sp,sp,40 38: 03e00008 jr ra 3c: 00000000 nop 00000040 <nonleaf_call>: 40: 27bdffa0 addiu sp,sp,-96 ; | leaving 32b extra space adjacent to prev frame's param area for spilling 44: afbf003c sw ra,60(sp) ; | 48: afbe0038 sw s8,56(sp) ; | prolog 4c: 03a0f021 move s8,sp ; / frame pointer (note: with offset to frame start, but static compared to sp) 50: afc50044 sw a1,68(s8) ; \ 54: afc60048 sw a2,72(s8) ; | 58: afc7004c sw a3,76(s8) ; | 5c: afc80050 sw t0,80(s8) ; | in args 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 -> spill area in current frame (adjacent to prev frame's param area) 60: afc90054 sw t1,84(s8) ; | 64: afca0058 sw t2,88(s8) ; | 68: afcb005c sw t3,92(s8) ; | 6c: afc40030 sw a0,48(s8) ; in arg 0 -> temp space in local area 70: 27c20060 addiu v0,s8,96 ; v0 initialized to point ... 74: 2442ffe4 addiu v0,v0,-28 ; ... to start of spill area (96 - 28 = 68, where we spilled a1) 78: afc2002c sw v0,44(s8) ; store read ptr in local area 7c: 8fc2002c lw v0,44(s8) ; | get read pointer in v0 (pointless here, but part of following pattern) ... 80: 24430004 addiu v1,v0,4 ; | ... advance ... 84: afc3002c sw v1,44(s8) ; | in arg 1 ... store again ... 88: 8c420000 lw v0,0(v0) ; | ... arg -> v0 (using pre-inc read location), then ... 8c: afc20008 sw v0,8(s8) ; / ... write to local area on stack for later 90: 8fc2002c lw v0,44(s8) ; \ 94: 24430004 addiu v1,v0,4 ; | 98: afc3002c sw v1,44(s8) ; | in arg 2 9c: 8c420000 lw v0,0(v0) ; | a0: afc2000c sw v0,12(s8) ; / a4: 8fc2002c lw v0,44(s8) ; \ a8: 24430004 addiu v1,v0,4 ; | ac: afc3002c sw v1,44(s8) ; | in arg 3 b0: 8c420000 lw v0,0(v0) ; | b4: afc20010 sw v0,16(s8) ; / b8: 8fc2002c lw v0,44(s8) ; \ bc: 24430004 addiu v1,v0,4 ; | c0: afc3002c sw v1,44(s8) ; | in arg 4 c4: 8c420000 lw v0,0(v0) ; | c8: afc20014 sw v0,20(s8) ; / cc: 8fc2002c lw v0,44(s8) ; \ d0: 24430004 addiu v1,v0,4 ; | d4: afc3002c sw v1,44(s8) ; | in arg 5 d8: 8c420000 lw v0,0(v0) ; | dc: afc20018 sw v0,24(s8) ; / e0: 8fc2002c lw v0,44(s8) ; \ e4: 24430004 addiu v1,v0,4 ; | e8: afc3002c sw v1,44(s8) ; | in arg 6 ec: 8c420000 lw v0,0(v0) ; | f0: afc2001c sw v0,28(s8) ; / f4: 8fc2002c lw v0,44(s8) ; \ f8: 24430004 addiu v1,v0,4 ; | fc: afc3002c sw v1,44(s8) ; | in arg 7 100: 8c420000 lw v0,0(v0) ; | 104: afc20020 sw v0,32(s8) ; / 108: 8fc2002c lw v0,44(s8) ; \ 10c: 24430004 addiu v1,v0,4 ; | 110: afc3002c sw v1,44(s8) ; | in arg 8 114: 8c420000 lw v0,0(v0) ; | 118: afc20024 sw v0,36(s8) ; / 11c: 8fc2002c lw v0,44(s8) ; \ 120: 24430004 addiu v1,v0,4 ; | 124: afc3002c sw v1,44(s8) ; | in arg 9 128: 8c420000 lw v0,0(v0) ; | 12c: afc20028 sw v0,40(s8) ; / 130: 27bdff18 addiu sp,sp,-232 ; alloca(220) - with padding to guarantee alignment 134: 27a20008 addiu v0,sp,8 ; | 138: 24420007 addiu v0,v0,7 ; | 13c: 000210c2 srl v0,v0,0x3 ; | start of alloca()'d memory -> v1, by ... 140: 000210c0 sll v0,v0,0x3 ; | ... using v0 as helper to align to 8b 144: 00401821 move v1,v0 ; | 148: 2402004c li v0,76 ; 'L' -> v0, and... 14c: a0620000 sb v0,0(v1) ; ... store in local area (of alloca()'d space) 150: 8fc20028 lw v0,40(s8) ; arg 8 (fetched from local area stored to above) and ... 154: afa20000 sw v0,0(sp) ; ... "pushed" onto stack 158: 8fc40008 lw a0,8(s8) ; | 15c: 8fc5000c lw a1,12(s8) ; | 160: 8fc60010 lw a2,16(s8) ; | 164: 8fc70014 lw a3,20(s8) ; | arg 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 (fetched from local area stored to above) 168: 8fc80018 lw t0,24(s8) ; | (t0 = a4) 16c: 8fc9001c lw t1,28(s8) ; | (t1 = a5) 170: 8fca0020 lw t2,32(s8) ; | (t2 = a6) 174: 8fcb0024 lw t3,36(s8) ; | (t3 = a7) 178: 0c000000 jal 0 <leaf_call> ; call and ret addr -> ra 17c: 00000000 nop ; branch delay slot 180: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 ; | 184: 8fbf003c lw ra,60(sp) ; | 188: 8fbe0038 lw s8,56(sp) ; | 18c: 27bd0060 addiu sp,sp,96 ; | epilog 190: 03e00008 jr ra ; | 194: 00000000 nop | branch delay slot 00000198 <main>: 198: 27bdfff0 addiu sp,sp,-16 ; | 19c: afbf000c sw ra,12(sp) ; | 1a0: afbe0008 sw s8,8(sp) ; | prolog 1a4: 03a0f021 move s8,sp ; | frame pointer (note: with offset to frame start, but static compared to sp) 1a8: 24020008 li v0,8 ; arg 8 1ac: afa20000 sw v0,0(sp) ; ... "pushed" onto stack 1b0: 24020009 li v0,9 ; arg 9 1b4: afa20004 sw v0,4(sp) ; ... "pushed" onto stack 1b8: 00002021 move a0,zero ; arg 0 1bc: 24050001 li a1,1 ; arg 1 1c0: 24060002 li a2,2 ; arg 2 1c4: 24070003 li a3,3 ; arg 3 1c8: 24080004 li t0,4 ; arg 4 (t0 = a4) 1cc: 24090005 li t1,5 ; arg 5 (t1 = a5) 1d0: 240a0006 li t2,6 ; arg 6 (t2 = a6) 1d4: 240b0007 li t3,7 ; arg 7 (t3 = a7) 1d8: 0c000000 jal 0 <leaf_call> ; call and ret addr -> ra 1dc: 00000000 nop ; branch delay slot 1e0: 00001021 move v0,zero ; return value 1e4: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 ; | 1e8: 8fbf000c lw ra,12(sp) ; | 1ec: 8fbe0008 lw s8,8(sp) ; | 1f0: 27bd0010 addiu sp,sp,16 ; | epilog 1f4: 03e00008 jr ra ; | 1f8: 00000000 nop ; | branch delay slot ; ------------- var args with ints and floats to see spilling (which remains only a?-a7 regs), b/c doubles are passed via them and floats are promoted to doubles in (...) -----------> ; #include <stdlib.h> ; #include <stdarg.h> ; ; void leaf_call(int b, int c, int d, int e, float f, float g, int h, int i, float j) ; { ; } ; ; void nonleaf_call(int a, ...) ; { ; int b, c, d, e, h, i; ; float f, g, j; ; va_list ap; ; va_start(ap, a); ; b = va_arg(ap, int); ; c = va_arg(ap, int); ; d = va_arg(ap, int); ; e = va_arg(ap, int); ; f = (float)va_arg(ap, double); ; g = (float)va_arg(ap, double); ; h = va_arg(ap, int); ; i = va_arg(ap, int); ; j = (float)va_arg(ap, double); ; /* use some local data */ ; *(char*)alloca(220) = 'L'; ; leaf_call(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j); ; } ; ; int main() ; { ; nonleaf_call(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.f, 6.f, 7, 8, 9.f); ; return 0; ; } ; output from psptoolchain-20111215-psp w/ gcc 4.9.3 00000000 <leaf_call>: 0: 27bdffd0 addiu sp,sp,-48 4: afbe002c sw s8,44(sp) 8: 03a0f021 move s8,sp c: afc40000 sw a0,0(s8) 10: afc50004 sw a1,4(s8) 14: afc60008 sw a2,8(s8) 18: afc7000c sw a3,12(s8) 1c: e7cc0010 swc1 $f12,16(s8) 20: e7cd0014 swc1 $f13,20(s8) 24: afc80018 sw t0,24(s8) 28: afc9001c sw t1,28(s8) 2c: e7ce0020 swc1 $f14,32(s8) 30: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 34: 8fbe002c lw s8,44(sp) 38: 27bd0030 addiu sp,sp,48 3c: 03e00008 jr ra 40: 00000000 nop 00000044 <nonleaf_call>: 44: 27bdffa8 addiu sp,sp,-88 ; | leaving 32b extra space adjacent to prev frame's param area for spilling 48: afbf0034 sw ra,52(sp) ; | 4c: afbe0030 sw s8,48(sp) ; | prolog 50: 03a0f021 move s8,sp ; / frame pointer (note: with offset to frame start, but static compared to sp) 54: afc5003c sw a1,60(s8) ; \ 58: afc60040 sw a2,64(s8) ; | 5c: afc70044 sw a3,68(s8) ; | 60: afc80048 sw t0,72(s8) ; | in args 1,2,3,4,5 (spread out over 7 param regs) -> spill area in current frame (adjacent to prev frame's param area) 64: afc9004c sw t1,76(s8) ; | this one is just padding 68: afca0050 sw t2,80(s8) ; | | 6c: afcb0054 sw t3,84(s8) ; | | this is arg 5, passed as a double, spilled like integers 70: afc40028 sw a0,40(s8) ; in arg 0 -> temp space in local area 74: 27c20058 addiu v0,s8,88 ; v0 initialized to point ... 78: 2442ffe4 addiu v0,v0,-28 ; ... to start of spill area (88 - 28 = 60, where we spilled a1) 7c: afc20024 sw v0,36(s8) ; store read ptr in local area 80: 8fc20024 lw v0,36(s8) ; | get read pointer in v0 (pointless here, but part of following pattern) ... 84: 24430004 addiu v1,v0,4 ; | ... advance ... 88: afc30024 sw v1,36(s8) ; | in arg 1 ... store again ... 8c: 8c420000 lw v0,0(v0) ; | ... arg -> v0 (using pre-inc read location), then ... 90: afc20000 sw v0,0(s8) ; / ... write to local area on stack for later 94: 8fc20024 lw v0,36(s8) ; \ 98: 24430004 addiu v1,v0,4 ; | 9c: afc30024 sw v1,36(s8) ; | in arg 2 a0: 8c420000 lw v0,0(v0) ; | a4: afc20004 sw v0,4(s8) ; / a8: 8fc20024 lw v0,36(s8) ; \ ac: 24430004 addiu v1,v0,4 ; | b0: afc30024 sw v1,36(s8) ; | in arg 3 b4: 8c420000 lw v0,0(v0) ; | b8: afc20008 sw v0,8(s8) ; / bc: 8fc20024 lw v0,36(s8) ; \ c0: 24430004 addiu v1,v0,4 ; | c4: afc30024 sw v1,36(s8) ; | in arg 4 c8: 8c420000 lw v0,0(v0) ; | cc: afc2000c sw v0,12(s8) ; / d0: 8fc20024 lw v0,36(s8) ; \ get read ptr in v0 d4: 24430007 addiu v1,v0,7 ; | | d8: 2402fff8 li v0,-8 ; | | align dc: 00621024 and v0,v1,v0 ; | | e0: 24430008 addiu v1,v0,8 ; | advance read ptr to point to double e4: afc30024 sw v1,36(s8) ; | restore read ptr e8: 8c430004 lw v1,4(v0) ; | in arg 5 | ec: 8c420000 lw v0,0(v0) ; | | load both parts of double ... f0: 00402021 move a0,v0 ; | | ... and store in a{0,1} pair (used to pass doubles, used in next call) f4: 00602821 move a1,v1 ; | / f8: 0c000000 jal 0 <leaf_call> ; | \ call to cast double to float, returned in f0 fc: 00000000 nop ; | | NOTE: not a call to leaf_call() (objdump done from .o file, not finally linked executable) 100: e7c00010 swc1 $f0,16(s8) ; / write float to local area on stack for later 104: 8fc20024 lw v0,36(s8) ; \ 108: 24430007 addiu v1,v0,7 ; | 10c: 2402fff8 li v0,-8 ; | 110: 00621024 and v0,v1,v0 ; | 114: 24430008 addiu v1,v0,8 ; | 118: afc30024 sw v1,36(s8) ; | 11c: 8c430004 lw v1,4(v0) ; | in arg 6 120: 8c420000 lw v0,0(v0) ; | 124: 00402021 move a0,v0 ; | 128: 00602821 move a1,v1 ; | 12c: 0c000000 jal 0 <leaf_call> ; | 130: 00000000 nop ; | 134: e7c00014 swc1 $f0,20(s8) ; / 138: 8fc20024 lw v0,36(s8) ; \ 13c: 24430004 addiu v1,v0,4 ; | 140: afc30024 sw v1,36(s8) ; | in arg 7 144: 8c420000 lw v0,0(v0) ; | 148: afc20018 sw v0,24(s8) ; / 14c: 8fc20024 lw v0,36(s8) ; \ 150: 24430004 addiu v1,v0,4 ; | 154: afc30024 sw v1,36(s8) ; | in arg 8 158: 8c420000 lw v0,0(v0) ; | 15c: afc2001c sw v0,28(s8) ; / 160: 8fc20024 lw v0,36(s8) ; \ 164: 24430007 addiu v1,v0,7 ; | 168: 2402fff8 li v0,-8 ; | 16c: 00621024 and v0,v1,v0 ; | 170: 24430008 addiu v1,v0,8 ; | 174: afc30024 sw v1,36(s8) ; | 178: 8c430004 lw v1,4(v0) ; | in arg 9 17c: 8c420000 lw v0,0(v0) ; | 180: 00402021 move a0,v0 ; | 184: 00602821 move a1,v1 ; | 188: 0c000000 jal 0 <leaf_call> ; | 18c: 00000000 nop ; | 190: e7c00020 swc1 $f0,32(s8) ; / 194: 27bdff18 addiu sp,sp,-232 ; alloca(220) - with padding to guarantee alignment 198: 03a01021 move v0,sp ; | 19c: 24420007 addiu v0,v0,7 ; | 1a0: 000210c2 srl v0,v0,0x3 ; | start of alloca()'d memory -> v1, by ... 1a4: 000210c0 sll v0,v0,0x3 ; | ... using v0 as helper to align to 8b 1a8: 00401821 move v1,v0 ; | 1ac: 2402004c li v0,76 ; 'L' -> v0, and... 1b0: a0620000 sb v0,0(v1) ; ... store in local area (of alloca()'d space) 1b4: 8fc40000 lw a0,0(s8) ; | 1b8: 8fc50004 lw a1,4(s8) ; | 1bc: 8fc60008 lw a2,8(s8) ; | arg 0,1,2,3 (int args, fetched from local area stored to above) 1c0: 8fc7000c lw a3,12(s8) ; | 1c4: c7cc0010 lwc1 $f12,16(s8) ; arg 4 (float, fetched from local area stored to above) 1c8: c7cd0014 lwc1 $f13,20(s8) ; arg 5 (float, fetched from local area stored to above) 1cc: 8fc80018 lw t0,24(s8) ; arg 6 (int, fetched from local area stored to above, t0 = a4) 1d0: 8fc9001c lw t1,28(s8) ; arg 7 (int, fetched from local area stored to above, t1 = a5) 1d4: c7ce0020 lwc1 $f14,32(s8) ; arg 9 (float, fetched from local area stored to above) 1d8: 0c000000 jal 0 <leaf_call> ; call and ret addr -> ra 1dc: 00000000 nop ; branch delay slot 1e0: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 ; | 1e4: 8fbf0034 lw ra,52(sp) ; | 1e8: 8fbe0030 lw s8,48(sp) ; | 1ec: 27bd0058 addiu sp,sp,88 ; | epilog 1f0: 03e00008 jr ra ; | 1f4: 00000000 nop ; | branch delay slot 000001f8 <main>: 1f8: 27bdffe0 addiu sp,sp,-32 ; | 1fc: afbf001c sw ra,28(sp) ; | 200: afbe0018 sw s8,24(sp) ; | prolog 204: 03a0f021 move s8,sp ; / frame pointer (note: with offset to frame start, but static compared to sp) 208: 8f8a0000 lw t2,0(gp) ; \ 20c: 8f8b0004 lw t3,4(gp) ; / arg 5 (t1,t2 = a4,a5), as double b/c of vararg, effectively skipping t1 (=a5) 210: 8f820008 lw v0,8(gp) ; \ 214: 8f83000c lw v1,12(gp) ; | arg 6, as double b/c of vararg, via v0 and v1 ... 218: afa20000 sw v0,0(sp) ; | 21c: afa30004 sw v1,4(sp) ; | ... "pushed" onto stack 220: 24020007 li v0,7 ; arg 7 224: afa20008 sw v0,8(sp) ; ... "pushed" onto stack 228: 24020008 li v0,8 ; arg 8 22c: afa2000c sw v0,12(sp) ; ... "pushed" onto stack 230: 8f820010 lw v0,16(gp) ; | 234: 8f830014 lw v1,20(gp) ; | arg 9, as double b/c of vararg ... 238: afa20010 sw v0,16(sp) ; | 23c: afa30014 sw v1,20(sp) ; | ... "pushed" onto stack 240: 00002021 move a0,zero ; arg 0 244: 24050001 li a1,1 ; arg 1 248: 24060002 li a2,2 ; arg 2 24c: 24070003 li a3,3 ; arg 3 250: 24080004 li t0,4 ; arg 4 (t0 = a4) 254: 0c000000 jal 0 <leaf_call> ; call and ret addr -> ra 258: 00000000 nop ; branch delay slot 25c: 00001021 move v0,zero ; return value 260: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 ; | 264: 8fbf001c lw ra,28(sp) ; | 268: 8fbe0018 lw s8,24(sp) ; | 26c: 27bd0020 addiu sp,sp,32 ; | epilog 270: 03e00008 jr ra ; | 274: 00000000 nop ; | branch delay slot ; --------------------- further notes -------------------> ; when passing less arguments than stack params, involving an ellipsis, spill area still spills all registers, ; excluding named ones, e.g.: ; ; void c(int a, ...) { ... } ; c(0, 1, 2, 3, 4); ; ; contains as spilling code same as above: 84: afc5002c sw a1,44(s8) 88: afc60030 sw a2,48(s8) 8c: afc70034 sw a3,52(s8) 90: afc80038 sw t0,56(s8) 94: afc9003c sw t1,60(s8) 98: afca0040 sw t2,64(s8) 9c: afcb0044 sw t3,68(s8) ; ---------- structs by value ----------> ; ; struct A { int i, j; long long l; }; ; ; void leaf_call(int b, int c, int d, int e, struct A f, int g, int h) ; { ; } ; ; void nonleaf_call(int a, int b, int c, int d, int e, struct A f, int g, int h) ; { ; /* use some local data */ ; char l[100] ={ 'L'}; ; leaf_call(b, c, d, e, f, g, h); ; } ; ; int main() ; { ; nonleaf_call(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, (struct A){5, 6, 7ll}, 8, 9); ; return 0; ; } ; output from psptoolchain-20111215-psp w/ gcc 4.9.3 00000000 <leaf_call>: 0: 27bdffd0 addiu sp,sp,-48 4: afbe002c sw s8,44(sp) 8: afb00028 sw s0,40(sp) c: 03a0f021 move s8,sp 10: afc40010 sw a0,16(s8) 14: afc50014 sw a1,20(s8) 18: afc60018 sw a2,24(s8) 1c: afc7001c sw a3,28(s8) 20: 01008021 move s0,t0 24: afc90020 sw t1,32(s8) 28: afca0024 sw t2,36(s8) 2c: 8e050000 lw a1,0(s0) 30: 8e040004 lw a0,4(s0) 34: 8e030008 lw v1,8(s0) 38: 8e02000c lw v0,12(s0) 3c: afc50000 sw a1,0(s8) 40: afc40004 sw a0,4(s8) 44: afc30008 sw v1,8(s8) 48: afc2000c sw v0,12(s8) 4c: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 50: 8fbe002c lw s8,44(sp) 54: 8fb00028 lw s0,40(sp) 58: 27bd0030 addiu sp,sp,48 5c: 03e00008 jr ra 60: 00000000 nop 00000064 <nonleaf_call>: 64: 27bdff58 addiu sp,sp,-168 68: afbf00a4 sw ra,164(sp) 6c: afbe00a0 sw s8,160(sp) 70: afb0009c sw s0,156(sp) 74: 03a0f021 move s8,sp 78: afc40078 sw a0,120(s8) 7c: afc5007c sw a1,124(s8) 80: afc60080 sw a2,128(s8) 84: afc70084 sw a3,132(s8) 88: afc80088 sw t0,136(s8) 8c: 01208021 move s0,t1 90: afca008c sw t2,140(s8) 94: afcb0090 sw t3,144(s8) 98: 8e050000 lw a1,0(s0) 9c: 8e040004 lw a0,4(s0) a0: 8e030008 lw v1,8(s0) a4: 8e02000c lw v0,12(s0) a8: afc50000 sw a1,0(s8) ac: afc40004 sw a0,4(s8) b0: afc30008 sw v1,8(s8) b4: afc2000c sw v0,12(s8) b8: 27c30010 addiu v1,s8,16 bc: 24020064 li v0,100 c0: 00602021 move a0,v1 c4: 00002821 move a1,zero c8: 00403021 move a2,v0 cc: 0c000000 jal 0 <leaf_call> d0: 00000000 nop d4: 2402004c li v0,76 d8: a3c20010 sb v0,16(s8) dc: 8fc4007c lw a0,124(s8) e0: 8fc50080 lw a1,128(s8) e4: 8fc60084 lw a2,132(s8) e8: 8fc70088 lw a3,136(s8) ec: 03c04021 move t0,s8 f0: 8fc9008c lw t1,140(s8) f4: 8fca0090 lw t2,144(s8) f8: 0c000000 jal 0 <leaf_call> fc: 00000000 nop 100: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 104: 8fbf00a4 lw ra,164(sp) 108: 8fbe00a0 lw s8,160(sp) 10c: 8fb0009c lw s0,156(sp) 110: 27bd00a8 addiu sp,sp,168 114: 03e00008 jr ra 118: 00000000 nop 0000011c <main>: 11c: 27bdffe8 addiu sp,sp,-24 120: afbf0014 sw ra,20(sp) 124: afbe0010 sw s8,16(sp) 128: 03a0f021 move s8,sp 12c: 24020005 li v0,5 130: afc20000 sw v0,0(s8) 134: 24020006 li v0,6 138: afc20004 sw v0,4(s8) 13c: 24020007 li v0,7 140: 00001821 move v1,zero 144: afc20008 sw v0,8(s8) 148: afc3000c sw v1,12(s8) 14c: 00002021 move a0,zero 150: 24050001 li a1,1 154: 24060002 li a2,2 158: 24070003 li a3,3 15c: 24080004 li t0,4 160: 03c04821 move t1,s8 164: 240a0008 li t2,8 168: 240b0009 li t3,9 16c: 0c000000 jal 0 <leaf_call> 170: 00000000 nop 174: 00001021 move v0,zero 178: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 17c: 8fbf0014 lw ra,20(sp) 180: 8fbe0010 lw s8,16(sp) 184: 27bd0018 addiu sp,sp,24 188: 03e00008 jr ra 18c: 00000000 nop ; ---------- structs by value, complex example (multiple structs) ----------> ; ; struct A { int i, j; float f; }; ; struct B { double d; long long l; }; ; ; void leaf_call(int b, struct A c, struct B d, int e, int f, struct A g, struct B h, int i, int j) ; { ; } ; ; void nonleaf_call(int a, int b, struct A c, struct B d, int e, int f, struct A g, struct B h, int i, int j) ; { ; /* use some local data */ ; char l[100] ={ 'L'}; ; leaf_call(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j); ; } ; ; int main() ; { ; nonleaf_call(0, 1, (struct A){2, 3, 4.f}, (struct B){5., 6ll}, 7, 8, (struct A){9, 10, 11.f}, (struct B){12., 13ll}, 14, 15); ; return 0; ; } ; output from psptoolchain-20111215-psp w/ gcc 4.9.3 00000000 <leaf_call>: 0: 27bdff98 addiu sp,sp,-104 4: afbe0064 sw s8,100(sp) 8: afb30060 sw s3,96(sp) c: afb2005c sw s2,92(sp) 10: afb10058 sw s1,88(sp) 14: afb00054 sw s0,84(sp) 18: 03a0f021 move s8,sp 1c: afc40040 sw a0,64(s8) 20: 00a09821 move s3,a1 24: 00c08821 move s1,a2 28: afc70044 sw a3,68(s8) 2c: afc80048 sw t0,72(s8) 30: 01209021 move s2,t1 34: 01408021 move s0,t2 38: afcb004c sw t3,76(s8) 3c: 8e640000 lw a0,0(s3) 40: 8e630004 lw v1,4(s3) 44: 8e620008 lw v0,8(s3) 48: afc40030 sw a0,48(s8) 4c: afc30034 sw v1,52(s8) 50: afc20038 sw v0,56(s8) 54: 8e250000 lw a1,0(s1) 58: 8e240004 lw a0,4(s1) 5c: 8e230008 lw v1,8(s1) 60: 8e22000c lw v0,12(s1) 64: afc50020 sw a1,32(s8) 68: afc40024 sw a0,36(s8) 6c: afc30028 sw v1,40(s8) 70: afc2002c sw v0,44(s8) 74: 8e440000 lw a0,0(s2) 78: 8e430004 lw v1,4(s2) 7c: 8e420008 lw v0,8(s2) 80: afc40010 sw a0,16(s8) 84: afc30014 sw v1,20(s8) 88: afc20018 sw v0,24(s8) 8c: 8e050000 lw a1,0(s0) 90: 8e040004 lw a0,4(s0) 94: 8e030008 lw v1,8(s0) 98: 8e02000c lw v0,12(s0) 9c: afc50000 sw a1,0(s8) a0: afc40004 sw a0,4(s8) a4: afc30008 sw v1,8(s8) a8: afc2000c sw v0,12(s8) ac: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 b0: 8fbe0064 lw s8,100(sp) b4: 8fb30060 lw s3,96(sp) b8: 8fb2005c lw s2,92(sp) bc: 8fb10058 lw s1,88(sp) c0: 8fb00054 lw s0,84(sp) c4: 27bd0068 addiu sp,sp,104 c8: 03e00008 jr ra cc: 00000000 nop 000000d0 <nonleaf_call>: d0: 27bdff30 addiu sp,sp,-208 d4: afbf00cc sw ra,204(sp) d8: afbe00c8 sw s8,200(sp) dc: afb300c4 sw s3,196(sp) e0: afb200c0 sw s2,192(sp) e4: afb100bc sw s1,188(sp) e8: afb000b8 sw s0,184(sp) ec: 03a0f021 move s8,sp f0: afc400a8 sw a0,168(s8) f4: afc500ac sw a1,172(s8) f8: 00c09821 move s3,a2 fc: 00e08821 move s1,a3 100: afc800b0 sw t0,176(s8) 104: afc900b4 sw t1,180(s8) 108: 01409021 move s2,t2 10c: 01608021 move s0,t3 110: 8e640000 lw a0,0(s3) 114: 8e630004 lw v1,4(s3) 118: 8e620008 lw v0,8(s3) 11c: afc40038 sw a0,56(s8) 120: afc3003c sw v1,60(s8) 124: afc20040 sw v0,64(s8) 128: 8e250000 lw a1,0(s1) 12c: 8e240004 lw a0,4(s1) 130: 8e230008 lw v1,8(s1) 134: 8e22000c lw v0,12(s1) 138: afc50028 sw a1,40(s8) 13c: afc4002c sw a0,44(s8) 140: afc30030 sw v1,48(s8) 144: afc20034 sw v0,52(s8) 148: 8e440000 lw a0,0(s2) 14c: 8e430004 lw v1,4(s2) 150: 8e420008 lw v0,8(s2) 154: afc40018 sw a0,24(s8) 158: afc3001c sw v1,28(s8) 15c: afc20020 sw v0,32(s8) 160: 8e050000 lw a1,0(s0) 164: 8e040004 lw a0,4(s0) 168: 8e030008 lw v1,8(s0) 16c: 8e02000c lw v0,12(s0) 170: afc50008 sw a1,8(s8) 174: afc4000c sw a0,12(s8) 178: afc30010 sw v1,16(s8) 17c: afc20014 sw v0,20(s8) 180: 27c30044 addiu v1,s8,68 184: 24020064 li v0,100 188: 00602021 move a0,v1 18c: 00002821 move a1,zero 190: 00403021 move a2,v0 194: 0c000000 jal 0 <leaf_call> 198: 00000000 nop 19c: 2402004c li v0,76 1a0: a3c20044 sb v0,68(s8) 1a4: 27c50038 addiu a1,s8,56 1a8: 27c60028 addiu a2,s8,40 1ac: 27c30018 addiu v1,s8,24 1b0: 8fc200d4 lw v0,212(s8) 1b4: afa20000 sw v0,0(sp) 1b8: 8fc400ac lw a0,172(s8) 1bc: 8fc700b0 lw a3,176(s8) 1c0: 8fc800b4 lw t0,180(s8) 1c4: 00604821 move t1,v1 1c8: 27c20008 addiu v0,s8,8 1cc: 00405021 move t2,v0 1d0: 8fcb00d0 lw t3,208(s8) 1d4: 0c000000 jal 0 <leaf_call> 1d8: 00000000 nop 1dc: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 1e0: 8fbf00cc lw ra,204(sp) 1e4: 8fbe00c8 lw s8,200(sp) 1e8: 8fb300c4 lw s3,196(sp) 1ec: 8fb200c0 lw s2,192(sp) 1f0: 8fb100bc lw s1,188(sp) 1f4: 8fb000b8 lw s0,184(sp) 1f8: 27bd00d0 addiu sp,sp,208 1fc: 03e00008 jr ra 200: 00000000 nop 00000204 <main>: 204: 27bdffb0 addiu sp,sp,-80 208: afbf004c sw ra,76(sp) 20c: afbe0048 sw s8,72(sp) 210: 03a0f021 move s8,sp 214: 24020002 li v0,2 218: afc20038 sw v0,56(s8) 21c: 24020003 li v0,3 220: afc2003c sw v0,60(s8) 224: 8f820000 lw v0,0(gp) 228: afc20040 sw v0,64(s8) 22c: 8f820008 lw v0,8(gp) 230: 8f83000c lw v1,12(gp) 234: afc20028 sw v0,40(s8) 238: afc3002c sw v1,44(s8) 23c: 24020006 li v0,6 240: 00001821 move v1,zero 244: afc20030 sw v0,48(s8) 248: afc30034 sw v1,52(s8) 24c: 24020009 li v0,9 250: afc20018 sw v0,24(s8) 254: 2402000a li v0,10 258: afc2001c sw v0,28(s8) 25c: 8f820010 lw v0,16(gp) 260: afc20020 sw v0,32(s8) 264: 8f820018 lw v0,24(gp) 268: 8f83001c lw v1,28(gp) 26c: afc20008 sw v0,8(s8) 270: afc3000c sw v1,12(s8) 274: 2402000d li v0,13 278: 00001821 move v1,zero 27c: afc20010 sw v0,16(s8) 280: afc30014 sw v1,20(s8) 284: 27c60038 addiu a2,s8,56 288: 27c70028 addiu a3,s8,40 28c: 27c30018 addiu v1,s8,24 290: 2402000e li v0,14 294: afa20000 sw v0,0(sp) 298: 2402000f li v0,15 29c: afa20004 sw v0,4(sp) 2a0: 00002021 move a0,zero 2a4: 24050001 li a1,1 2a8: 24080007 li t0,7 2ac: 24090008 li t1,8 2b0: 00605021 move t2,v1 2b4: 27c20008 addiu v0,s8,8 2b8: 00405821 move t3,v0 2bc: 0c000000 jal 0 <leaf_call> 2c0: 00000000 nop 2c4: 00001021 move v0,zero 2c8: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 2cc: 8fbf004c lw ra,76(sp) 2d0: 8fbe0048 lw s8,72(sp) 2d4: 27bd0050 addiu sp,sp,80 2d8: 03e00008 jr ra 2dc: 00000000 nop ; ---------- returning structs by value ----------> ; ; struct Small { char x; }; ; struct Big { long long i,j,k,l; long m; }; /* bigger than 16b */ ; ; struct Small f0() ; { ; struct Small s = { 132 }; ; return s; ; } ; ; struct Big f1() ; { ; struct Big b = { 7171LL, 99LL, -99LL, -3102LL, 32 }; ; return b; ; } ; ; int main() ; { ; struct Small s = f0(); ; struct Big b = f1(); ; return b.j + b.k + b.m + s.x; ; } ; output from psptoolchain-20111215-psp w/ gcc 4.9.3 00000000 <f0>: 0: 27bdfff0 addiu sp,sp,-16 4: afbe000c sw s8,12(sp) 8: 03a0f021 move s8,sp c: 2402ff84 li v0,-124 10: a3c20000 sb v0,0(s8) 14: 93c20000 lbu v0,0(s8) 18: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 1c: 8fbe000c lw s8,12(sp) 20: 27bd0010 addiu sp,sp,16 24: 03e00008 jr ra 28: 00000000 nop 0000002c <f1>: 2c: 27bdffc8 addiu sp,sp,-56 30: afbf0034 sw ra,52(sp) 34: afbe0030 sw s8,48(sp) 38: 03a0f021 move s8,sp 3c: afc40028 sw a0,40(s8) 40: 3c020000 lui v0,0x0 44: 03c02021 move a0,s8 48: 24430000 addiu v1,v0,0 4c: 24020028 li v0,40 50: 00602821 move a1,v1 54: 00403021 move a2,v0 58: 0c000000 jal 0 <f0> 5c: 00000000 nop 60: 8fc20028 lw v0,40(s8) 64: 00402021 move a0,v0 68: 03c01821 move v1,s8 6c: 24020028 li v0,40 70: 00602821 move a1,v1 74: 00403021 move a2,v0 78: 0c000000 jal 0 <f0> 7c: 00000000 nop 80: 8fc20028 lw v0,40(s8) 84: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 88: 8fbf0034 lw ra,52(sp) 8c: 8fbe0030 lw s8,48(sp) 90: 27bd0038 addiu sp,sp,56 94: 03e00008 jr ra 98: 00000000 nop 0000009c <main>: 9c: 27bdffc8 addiu sp,sp,-56 a0: afbf0034 sw ra,52(sp) a4: afbe0030 sw s8,48(sp) a8: 03a0f021 move s8,sp ac: 0c000000 jal 0 <f0> b0: 00000000 nop b4: a3c20000 sb v0,0(s8) b8: 27c20008 addiu v0,s8,8 bc: 00402021 move a0,v0 c0: 0c000000 jal 0 <f0> c4: 00000000 nop c8: 8fc20010 lw v0,16(s8) cc: 8fc30014 lw v1,20(s8) d0: 00402021 move a0,v0 d4: 8fc20018 lw v0,24(s8) d8: 8fc3001c lw v1,28(s8) dc: 00821021 addu v0,a0,v0 e0: 8fc30028 lw v1,40(s8) e4: 00431021 addu v0,v0,v1 e8: 83c30000 lb v1,0(s8) ec: 00431021 addu v0,v0,v1 f0: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 f4: 8fbf0034 lw ra,52(sp) f8: 8fbe0030 lw s8,48(sp) fc: 27bd0038 addiu sp,sp,56 100: 03e00008 jr ra 104: 00000000 nop ; ---------- returning long long ----------> ; ; long long f() ; { ; return 7171LL; ; } ; ; int main() ; { ; return (int)f(); ; } ; output from psptoolchain-20111215-psp w/ gcc 4.9.3 00000000 <f>: 0: 27bdfff8 addiu sp,sp,-8 4: afbe0004 sw s8,4(sp) 8: 03a0f021 move s8,sp c: 24021c03 li v0,7171 10: 00001821 move v1,zero 14: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 18: 8fbe0004 lw s8,4(sp) 1c: 27bd0008 addiu sp,sp,8 20: 03e00008 jr ra 24: 00000000 nop 00000028 <main>: 28: 27bdfff8 addiu sp,sp,-8 2c: afbf0004 sw ra,4(sp) 30: afbe0000 sw s8,0(sp) 34: 03a0f021 move s8,sp 38: 0c000000 jal 0 <f> 3c: 00000000 nop 40: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 44: 8fbf0004 lw ra,4(sp) 48: 8fbe0000 lw s8,0(sp) 4c: 27bd0008 addiu sp,sp,8 50: 03e00008 jr ra 54: 00000000 nop ; ---------- passing structs with only fp parts ----------> ; ; struct A { float a; }; ; struct B { float a, b; }; ; struct C { float a, b, c; }; ; struct D { double a; }; ; struct E { double a, b; }; ; struct F { double a, b, c; }; ; ; void leaf_call(struct A a, struct B b, struct C c, struct D d, struct E e, struct F f) ; { ; } ; ; int main() ; { ; leaf_call((struct A){1.f}, (struct B){2.f,3.f}, (struct C){4.f,5.f,6.f}, (struct D){1.}, (struct E){2.,3.}, (struct F){4.,5.,6.}); ; return 0; ; } ; output from psptoolchain-20111215-psp w/ gcc 4.9.3 00000000 <leaf_call>: 0: 27bdff98 addiu sp,sp,-104 4: afbe0064 sw s8,100(sp) 8: afb30060 sw s3,96(sp) c: afb2005c sw s2,92(sp) 10: afb10058 sw s1,88(sp) 14: afb00054 sw s0,84(sp) 18: 03a0f021 move s8,sp 1c: e7cc0040 swc1 $f12,64(s8) 20: 00809821 move s3,a0 24: 00a09021 move s2,a1 28: afc60048 sw a2,72(s8) 2c: afc7004c sw a3,76(s8) 30: 01008821 move s1,t0 34: 01208021 move s0,t1 38: 8e630000 lw v1,0(s3) 3c: 8e620004 lw v0,4(s3) 40: afc30034 sw v1,52(s8) 44: afc20038 sw v0,56(s8) 48: 8e440000 lw a0,0(s2) 4c: 8e430004 lw v1,4(s2) 50: 8e420008 lw v0,8(s2) 54: afc40028 sw a0,40(s8) 58: afc3002c sw v1,44(s8) 5c: afc20030 sw v0,48(s8) 60: 8e250000 lw a1,0(s1) 64: 8e240004 lw a0,4(s1) 68: 8e230008 lw v1,8(s1) 6c: 8e22000c lw v0,12(s1) 70: afc50018 sw a1,24(s8) 74: afc4001c sw a0,28(s8) 78: afc30020 sw v1,32(s8) 7c: afc20024 sw v0,36(s8) 80: 8e070000 lw a3,0(s0) 84: 8e060004 lw a2,4(s0) 88: 8e050008 lw a1,8(s0) 8c: 8e04000c lw a0,12(s0) 90: 8e030010 lw v1,16(s0) 94: 8e020014 lw v0,20(s0) 98: afc70000 sw a3,0(s8) 9c: afc60004 sw a2,4(s8) a0: afc50008 sw a1,8(s8) a4: afc4000c sw a0,12(s8) a8: afc30010 sw v1,16(s8) ac: afc20014 sw v0,20(s8) b0: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 b4: 8fbe0064 lw s8,100(sp) b8: 8fb30060 lw s3,96(sp) bc: 8fb2005c lw s2,92(sp) c0: 8fb10058 lw s1,88(sp) c4: 8fb00054 lw s0,84(sp) c8: 27bd0068 addiu sp,sp,104 cc: 03e00008 jr ra d0: 00000000 nop 000000d4 <main>: d4: 27bdffb0 addiu sp,sp,-80 d8: afbf004c sw ra,76(sp) dc: afbe0048 sw s8,72(sp) e0: 03a0f021 move s8,sp e4: 8f820000 lw v0,0(gp) e8: afc20044 sw v0,68(s8) ec: 8f820004 lw v0,4(gp) f0: afc2003c sw v0,60(s8) f4: 8f820008 lw v0,8(gp) f8: afc20040 sw v0,64(s8) fc: 8f82000c lw v0,12(gp) 100: afc20030 sw v0,48(s8) 104: 8f820010 lw v0,16(gp) 108: afc20034 sw v0,52(s8) 10c: 8f820014 lw v0,20(gp) 110: afc20038 sw v0,56(s8) 114: 8f820018 lw v0,24(gp) 118: 8f83001c lw v1,28(gp) 11c: afc20028 sw v0,40(s8) 120: afc3002c sw v1,44(s8) 124: 8f820020 lw v0,32(gp) 128: 8f830024 lw v1,36(gp) 12c: afc20018 sw v0,24(s8) 130: afc3001c sw v1,28(s8) 134: 8f820028 lw v0,40(gp) 138: 8f83002c lw v1,44(gp) 13c: afc20020 sw v0,32(s8) 140: afc30024 sw v1,36(s8) 144: 8f820030 lw v0,48(gp) 148: 8f830034 lw v1,52(gp) 14c: afc20000 sw v0,0(s8) 150: afc30004 sw v1,4(s8) 154: 8f820038 lw v0,56(gp) 158: 8f83003c lw v1,60(gp) 15c: afc20008 sw v0,8(s8) 160: afc3000c sw v1,12(s8) 164: 8f820040 lw v0,64(gp) 168: 8f830044 lw v1,68(gp) 16c: afc20010 sw v0,16(s8) 170: afc30014 sw v1,20(s8) 174: 27c4003c addiu a0,s8,60 178: 27c30030 addiu v1,s8,48 17c: 27c20018 addiu v0,s8,24 180: c7cc0044 lwc1 $f12,68(s8) 184: 00602821 move a1,v1 188: 8fc60028 lw a2,40(s8) 18c: 8fc7002c lw a3,44(s8) 190: 00404021 move t0,v0 194: 03c04821 move t1,s8 198: 0c000000 jal 0 <leaf_call> 19c: 00000000 nop 1a0: 00001021 move v0,zero 1a4: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 1a8: 8fbf004c lw ra,76(sp) 1ac: 8fbe0048 lw s8,72(sp) 1b0: 27bd0050 addiu sp,sp,80 1b4: 03e00008 jr ra 1b8: 00000000 nop ; ---------- single-field structs by values (and small array fields) ----------> ; ; struct C { char c; }; ; struct S { short s; }; ; struct I { int i; }; ; struct F { float f; }; ; struct D { double d; }; ; ; struct C2 { char c[2]; }; ; struct C3 { char c[3]; }; ; ; void leaf_call(struct C2 a, struct C b, struct S c, struct I d, struct F e, struct D f, struct C3 g) ; { ; } ; ; int main() ; { ; leaf_call((struct C2){{0,1}}, (struct C){2}, (struct S){3}, (struct I){4}, (struct F){5.f}, (struct D){6.}, (struct C3){{7,8,9}}); ; return 0; ; } ; output from psptoolchain-20111215-psp w/ gcc 4.9.3 00000000 <leaf_call>: 0: 27bdffd8 addiu sp,sp,-40 4: afbe0024 sw s8,36(sp) 8: 03a0f021 move s8,sp c: a7c40000 sh a0,0(s8) 10: a3c50004 sb a1,4(s8) 14: a7c60008 sh a2,8(s8) 18: afc7000c sw a3,12(s8) 1c: e7cc0010 swc1 $f12,16(s8) 20: afc80018 sw t0,24(s8) 24: afc9001c sw t1,28(s8) 28: afca0014 sw t2,20(s8) 2c: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 30: 8fbe0024 lw s8,36(sp) 34: 27bd0028 addiu sp,sp,40 38: 03e00008 jr ra 3c: 00000000 nop 00000040 <main>: 40: 27bdffd0 addiu sp,sp,-48 44: afbf002c sw ra,44(sp) 48: afbe0028 sw s8,40(sp) 4c: 03a0f021 move s8,sp 50: a3c00020 sb zero,32(s8) 54: 24020001 li v0,1 58: a3c20021 sb v0,33(s8) 5c: 24020002 li v0,2 60: a3c2001c sb v0,28(s8) 64: 24020003 li v0,3 68: a7c20018 sh v0,24(s8) 6c: 24020004 li v0,4 70: afc20014 sw v0,20(s8) 74: 8f820000 lw v0,0(gp) 78: afc20010 sw v0,16(s8) 7c: 8f820008 lw v0,8(gp) 80: 8f83000c lw v1,12(gp) 84: afc20008 sw v0,8(s8) 88: afc3000c sw v1,12(s8) 8c: 24020007 li v0,7 90: a3c20000 sb v0,0(s8) 94: 24020008 li v0,8 98: a3c20001 sb v0,1(s8) 9c: 24020009 li v0,9 a0: a3c20002 sb v0,2(s8) a4: 8fc40020 lw a0,32(s8) a8: 93c5001c lbu a1,28(s8) ac: 97c60018 lhu a2,24(s8) b0: 8fc70014 lw a3,20(s8) b4: c7cc0010 lwc1 $f12,16(s8) b8: 8fc80008 lw t0,8(s8) bc: 8fc9000c lw t1,12(s8) c0: 8fca0000 lw t2,0(s8) c4: 0c000000 jal 0 <leaf_call> c8: 00000000 nop cc: 00001021 move v0,zero d0: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 d4: 8fbf002c lw ra,44(sp) d8: 8fbe0028 lw s8,40(sp) dc: 27bd0030 addiu sp,sp,48 e0: 03e00008 jr ra e4: 00000000 nop ; ---------- C++ trivial and non-trivial aggrs passed to C funcs ----------> ; ; struct Trivial { int a; }; ; struct NonTrivial { int a; NonTrivial() : a(0) {} NonTrivial(const NonTrivial& rhs) : a(rhs.a) { } }; ; ; extern "C" { ; ; void f1(struct Trivial s) { } ; void f2(struct NonTrivial s) { } ; ; void f() ; { ; struct Trivial t; ; struct NonTrivial n; ; int a=1; ; a += 123; ; f1(t); ; a -= 123; ; f2(n); ; a -= 12; ; } ; } ; output from psptoolchain-20111215-psp w/ gcc 4.9.3 00000000 <f1>: 0: 27bdfff0 addiu sp,sp,-16 4: afbe000c sw s8,12(sp) 8: 03a0f021 move s8,sp c: afc40000 sw a0,0(s8) 10: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 14: 8fbe000c lw s8,12(sp) 18: 27bd0010 addiu sp,sp,16 1c: 03e00008 jr ra 20: 00000000 nop 00000024 <f2>: 24: 27bdfff0 addiu sp,sp,-16 28: afbe000c sw s8,12(sp) 2c: 03a0f021 move s8,sp 30: afc40000 sw a0,0(s8) 34: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 38: 8fbe000c lw s8,12(sp) 3c: 27bd0010 addiu sp,sp,16 40: 03e00008 jr ra 44: 00000000 nop 00000048 <f>: 48: 27bdffe8 addiu sp,sp,-24 ; 4c: afbf0014 sw ra,20(sp) ; 50: afbe0010 sw s8,16(sp) ; 54: 03a0f021 move s8,sp ; 58: 27c2000c addiu v0,s8,12 ; 5c: 00402021 move a0,v0 ; | 60: 0c000000 jal 0 <f1> ; | NonTrivial::NonTrivial() / ctor 64: 00000000 nop ; 68: 24020001 li v0,1 ; a = 1 6c: afc20000 sw v0,0(s8) ; 70: 8fc20000 lw v0,0(s8) ; 74: 2442007b addiu v0,v0,123 ; a += 123 78: afc20000 sw v0,0(s8) ; 7c: 8fc40008 lw a0,8(s8) ; | 80: 0c000000 jal 0 <f1> ; | call f1(struct Trivial) 84: 00000000 nop ; 88: 8fc20000 lw v0,0(s8) ; 8c: 2442ff85 addiu v0,v0,-123 ; a -= 123 90: afc20000 sw v0,0(s8) ; 94: 27c30004 addiu v1,s8,4 ; 98: 27c2000c addiu v0,s8,12 ; 9c: 00602021 move a0,v1 ; | ptr to dest of copy of n a0: 00402821 move a1,v0 ; | copy n ptr to n a4: 0c000000 jal 0 <f1> ; | | NonTrivial::NonTrivial(const NonTrivial&) / copy ctor a8: 00000000 nop ; ac: 27c20004 addiu v0,s8,4 ; get ptr to copy of n -> v0 b0: 00402021 move a0,v0 ; f2 arg 0 (ptr to copy of struct NonTrivial), via ptr as non-trivial b4: 0c000000 jal 0 <f1> ; call f2(struct NonTrivial) b8: 00000000 nop ; bc: 8fc20000 lw v0,0(s8) ; c0: 2442fff4 addiu v0,v0,-12 ; a -= 12 c4: afc20000 sw v0,0(s8) ; c8: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 ; cc: 8fbf0014 lw ra,20(sp) ; d0: 8fbe0010 lw s8,16(sp) ; d4: 27bd0018 addiu sp,sp,24 ; d8: 03e00008 jr ra ; dc: 00000000 nop ; ; ... snip, removed code of ctor and copy ctor ... ; ---------- C++ trivial and non-trivial aggrs as return values ----------> ; ; struct Trivial { int a; }; ; struct NonTrivial { int a; NonTrivial() : a(0) {} NonTrivial(const NonTrivial& rhs) : a(rhs.a) { } }; ; ; extern "C" { ; struct Trivial f1() { return Trivial(); } ; } ; ; struct NonTrivial f2() { return NonTrivial(); } ; ; extern "C" { ; void f() ; { ; int a=1; ; a += 123; ; struct Trivial t = f1(); ; a -= 123; ; struct NonTrivial n = f2(); ; a -= 12; ; } ; } ; output from psptoolchain-20111215-psp w/ gcc 4.9.3 00000000 <f1>: 0: 27bdfff8 addiu sp,sp,-8 4: afbe0004 sw s8,4(sp) 8: 03a0f021 move s8,sp c: 00001021 move v0,zero 10: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 14: 8fbe0004 lw s8,4(sp) 18: 27bd0008 addiu sp,sp,8 1c: 03e00008 jr ra 20: 00000000 nop 00000024 <_Z2f2v>: 24: 27bdfff0 addiu sp,sp,-16 ; 28: afbf000c sw ra,12(sp) ; 2c: afbe0008 sw s8,8(sp) ; 30: 03a0f021 move s8,sp ; 34: afc40000 sw a0,0(s8) ; 38: 8fc40000 lw a0,0(s8) ; 3c: 0c000000 jal 0 <f1> ; 40: 00000000 nop ; 44: 8fc20000 lw v0,0(s8) ; retval, return (hidden) passed-in ptr to space for retval 48: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 ; 4c: 8fbf000c lw ra,12(sp) ; 50: 8fbe0008 lw s8,8(sp) ; 54: 27bd0010 addiu sp,sp,16 ; 58: 03e00008 jr ra ; 5c: 00000000 nop ; 00000060 <f>: 60: 27bdffe8 addiu sp,sp,-24 ; 64: afbf0014 sw ra,20(sp) ; 68: afbe0010 sw s8,16(sp) ; 6c: 03a0f021 move s8,sp ; 70: 24020001 li v0,1 ; a = 1 74: afc20000 sw v0,0(s8) ; 78: 8fc20000 lw v0,0(s8) ; 7c: 2442007b addiu v0,v0,123 ; a += 123 80: afc20000 sw v0,0(s8) ; 84: 0c000000 jal 0 <f1> ; call f1(), struct returned via as trivial and <= 64bit 88: 00000000 nop ; 8c: afc20004 sw v0,4(s8) ; 90: 8fc20000 lw v0,0(s8) ; 94: 2442ff85 addiu v0,v0,-123 ; a -= 123 98: afc20000 sw v0,0(s8) ; 9c: 27c20008 addiu v0,s8,8 ; a0: 00402021 move a0,v0 ; hidden first arg (ptr to space for ret val) a4: 0c000000 jal 0 <f1> ; call f2(), result returned indirectly as struct nontrivial a8: 00000000 nop ; ac: 8fc20000 lw v0,0(s8) ; b0: 2442fff4 addiu v0,v0,-12 ; a -= 12 b4: afc20000 sw v0,0(s8) ; b8: 03c0e821 move sp,s8 ; bc: 8fbf0014 lw ra,20(sp) ; c0: 8fbe0010 lw s8,16(sp) ; c4: 27bd0018 addiu sp,sp,24 ; c8: 03e00008 jr ra ; cc: 00000000 nop ; ; ... snip, removed code of ctor ... ; vim: ft=asm